<i>Scaphoideus titanus,</i>a Possible Vector of Grapevine Yellows in New York

Maixner, Michael; Pearson, R. C.; Boudon‐Padieu, E.; Caudwell, A.

doi:10.1094/pd-77-0408

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Because S. titanus, the specific insect vector of FD, was introduced from North America, it has been assumed that FD phytoplasma might have been introduced in Europe when phylloxera-resistant rootstocks were imported from North America (17,40). Actually, positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were obtained with antibodies to FD phytoplasma on S. titanus specimens from vineyards affected with grapevine yellows in New York (40) American Vitis species (20) is evidence favoring the latter hypothesis. In contrast, more recent data tend to support a recent association of a Nearctic leafhopper and a European pathogen (3,4,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms the Close Genetic Interrelatedness of Three Distinct Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strain Clusters and Group 16SrV Phytoplasmas Infecting Grapevine and Alder in Europe

Arnaud

Malembic-Maher

Salar

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

131

191

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Vineyards of southern France and northernPhytoplasmas are phloem-restricted wall-less bacteria pathogenic to many plant species worldwide (37, 52). Phytoplasmas can be spread both by hemipteran insect vectors (63) and by vegetative multiplication of infected-plant material. Controlling phytoplasma-induced diseases in perennial crops depends on field surveys and implementation of prophylactic sanitary measures requiring sensitive and specific detection of phytoplasmas in plants. Genetically different phytoplasmas can infect the same plant species; therefore, precise identification and typing of phytoplasma strains are necessary to ascertain the causes and origin of new outbreaks and predict the route of disease spread.Vineyards in southern France, northern Italy, and Spain are affected by the flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasma, a quarantine pathogen of grapevine (7,8,16,24). The classification of phytoplasmas, which are uncultivable and currently described under the provisional genus "Candidatus Phytoplasma," is mainly based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, genomic diversity, and plant and insect host ranges (32,36,59). The FD phytoplasma belongs to the 16SrV taxonomic group (36). Members of this group share high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (34, 38), but the group consists of phytoplasmas with an important variety of specific biological niches restricted to woody perennial hosts. "Ca. Phytoplasma ulmi" is responsible for yellows of elm species in North America and Europe (38) and "Ca. Phytoplasma ziziphi" is the agent of jujube witches'-broom and cherry lethal yellows in Asia (34,38). In Europe, other phytoplasmas of group 16SrV are mainly infecting grapevine (23,43), alder (46,51), blackberry (26,50), Spartium, and eucalyptus (44,45). Most of the insect vectors naturally disseminating group 16SrV phytoplasmas have been identified. The elm yellows phytoplasmas are transmitted in North America by Scaphoideus luteolus (Van Duzee) (5) and in Europe by Macropsis mendax (Fieber) (15), whereas FD phytoplasmas are specifically transmitted by Scaphoideus titanus (Ball) (53, 58) and rubus stunt phytoplasma by Macropsis fuscula (Zetterstedt) (26). Phytoplasmas associated with Palatinate grapevine yellows (PGY) and alder yellows (AldY) are both transmitted by the alder leafhopper Oncopsis alni (Schrank) (41, 42) and were classified as members of the group 16SrV on the basis of their high 16S rRNA gene and secY sequence similarity to the corresponding genes of FD phytoplasmas (2, 3).The genomic diversity in this phytoplasma group was recently examined. Sequence and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S-23S intergenic spacer allowed differentiation of two differ-* Corresponding author. Mailing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms the Close Genetic Interrelatedness of Three Distinct Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strain Clusters and Group 16SrV Phytoplasmas Infecting Grapevine and Alder in Europe

Arnaud

Malembic-Maher

Salar

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

131

191

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“…In agreement with the Nearctic origin of the species, the two American populations analysed in this study result clearly differentiated from the European populations and were shown to possess local private alleles and the highest levels of intra-population genetic variability. In its home range S. titanus has been found to be associated not only with V. vinifera but also with different native Vitis species (Vidano 1966;Maixner et al 1993). This capacity to adapt to different host plants may increase the dispersion of the species, favouring the maintenance of high population size and high genetic variability (Nei et al 1975).…”

Section: Genetic Structure and Inferences On Dispersal Of S Titanusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and highly abundant on wild Vitis riparia (Vidano 1966;Maixner et al 1993). This leafhopper is univoltine: the eggs are laid under the bark of 2-year-old wood, where they overwinter (Vidano 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball in Europe: a consequence of human trading activity

et al. 2007

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Scaphoideus titanus Ball is a Nearctic leafhopper that was introduced for the first time in Europe probably at the beginning of the 20th century. In Europe, this species is a specialist on cultivated grapevines and is of great economic importance as the vector of Flavescence dorée (FD), a Grapevine Yellows disease caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis. The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was employed to obtain genetic information about the diffusion and the structure of S. titanus populations. Two American and 14 European populations were analysed. A total of 188 reproducible bands, obtained from three arbitrary primers, were considered to assess the amount and the pattern of genetic variation within and among leafhopper populations. American populations showed high levels of intra-population polymorphism and dissimilarity and appeared to be the most isolated of all the tested samples. The results confirm the historical role of American samples as the sources for the more recently founded European populations. RAPD analyses revealed a weak genetic structure of European samples that could probably be explained invoking the human role in their diffusion. The non-natural spreading of S. titanus across Europe is in fact attributable to the exchange of grapevine canes and grafts carrying eggs that the insect laid under the bark to overwinter.

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“…Because the vector, S. titanus, is endemic to eastern North America, it was thought that the phytoplasma inducing flavescence dorée may have been introduced into Europe, along with S. titanus in the late 1940s (Maixner et al, 1993). However, this appears unlikely as the strains causing yellows diseases in France and eastern North America are genetically distinct.…”

Section: Yellows Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2014

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Scaphoideus titanus,a Possible Vector of Grapevine Yellows in New York

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms the Close Genetic Interrelatedness of Three Distinct Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strain Clusters and Group 16SrV Phytoplasmas Infecting Grapevine and Alder in Europe

Multilocus Sequence Typing Confirms the Close Genetic Interrelatedness of Three Distinct Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strain Clusters and Group 16SrV Phytoplasmas Infecting Grapevine and Alder in Europe

Diffusion of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball in Europe: a consequence of human trading activity

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