<i>Sarcocystis camelicanis</i> increases interleukin (IL)-6 expression in one-humped camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>) from Riyadh and Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Metwally, Dina M.; Al-Otaibi, Tahani; Semlali, Abdelhabib; Alajmi, Reem A.

doi:10.1042/bsr20203140

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…In agreement with an inflammatory response, expression of the interleukin-6 gene was significantly increased in the Sarcocystis sp. microcyst-infected tongue and diaphragm tissues of dromedaries from Saudi Arabia [ 51 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Sarcocystosis In Camelidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, several reports describe the presence of microscopic and macroscopic sarcocysts of S. cameli or its synonym S. camelicanis in dromedaries from Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt. The organs and tissues where cysts were found include the esophagus, diaphragm, tongue, heart, and skeletal muscles [ 19 , 20 , 27 , 28 , 38 , 51 ]. Microcysts identified as Sarcocystis spp.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Available studies on the prevalence of camelid sarcocystosis show high-to-very-high values both in SACs and OWCs [ 38 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 56 , 57 , 66 , 68 ]. Representative examples of these reports are presented in Table S1 .…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sarcocystis spp. of New and Old World Camelids: Ancient Origin, Present Challenges

Wieser,

Giuliano,

Reategui Ordoñez

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Sarcocystis spp. are coccidian protozoans belonging to the Apicomplexa phylum. As with other members of this phylum, they are obligate intracellular parasites with complex cellular machinery for the invasion of host cells. Sarcocystis spp. display dixenous life cycles, involving a predator and a prey as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. Specifically, these parasites develop sarcocysts in the tissues of their intermediate hosts, ranging in size from microscopic to visible to the naked eye, depending on the species. When definitive hosts consume sarcocysts, infective forms are produced in the digestive system and discharged into the environment via feces. Consumption of oocyst-contaminated water and pasture by the intermediate host completes the parasitic cycle. More than 200 Sarcocystis spp. have been described to infect wildlife, domestic animals, and humans, some of which are of economic or public health importance. Interestingly, Old World camelids (dromedary, domestic Bactrian camel, and wild Bactrian camel) and New World or South American camelids (llama, alpaca, guanaco, and vicuña) can each be infected by two different Sarcocystis spp: Old World camelids by S. cameli (producing micro- and macroscopic cysts) and S. ippeni (microscopic cysts); and South American camelids by S. aucheniae (macroscopic cysts) and S. masoni (microscopic cysts). Large numbers of Old and New World camelids are bred for meat production, but the finding of macroscopic sarcocysts in carcasses significantly hampers meat commercialization. This review tries to compile the information that is currently accessible regarding the biology, epidemiology, phylogeny, and diagnosis of Sarcocystis spp. that infect Old and New World camelids. In addition, knowledge gaps will be identified to encourage research that will lead to the control of these parasites.

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Sarcocystosis In Camelidsmentioning

confidence: 99%