<i>Saprolegnia parasitica</i> Isolated from Rainbow Trout in Korea: Characterization, Anti-<i>Saprolegnia</i> Activity and Host Pathogen Interaction in Zebrafish Disease Model

Shin, Sangyeop; Kulatunga, D. C. M.; Dananjaya, S.H.S.; Nikapitiya, Chamilani; Lee, Jehee; Zoysa, Mahanama De

doi:10.5941/myco.2017.45.4.297

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Penetration of fungal hyphae to the muscle layer was also observed. Such damage is also reported previously in Saprolegnia infection [ 17 , 39 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq

2020

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Background and Aim: Saprolegniasis is a fungal disease that infects freshwater fish. The condition is characterized by a cotton-like appearance in the gills and body. This study aimed to isolate Saprolegnia from common carp, Cyprinus carpio, raised in a floating cage in Wana district, Mosul, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 15 infected fish and examined microbiologically, molecularly, and histopathologically. Saprolegnia DNA was extracted which was amplified using universal primers give a 540 bp DNA fragment, and gill and muscle tissue were also examined for histopathological changes. Results: Isolated colonies of Saprolegnia were characterized by a circular, white cottony appearance with long hair. Lactophenol staining demonstrated hyphae as branched non-septate, transparent masses. The genomic DNA of isolates was consistent with Saprolegnia spp. The infected tissue samples showed variable pathology in gills. Severe hemorrhage and edema were observed in primary gill filaments with hyperplasia in epithelial cells and infusion in secondary gill filaments. Hyphae of Saprolegnia were seen between necrotic and edematous myofiber with inflammatory cells infiltration. Conclusion: Saprolegnia can cause economic impacts through lethal infection of fish. Clinical signs of Saprolegnia infection were confirmed molecularly and microscopically, and these findings were supported by histopathological lesions in gill and muscle tissues.

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“…Penetration of fungal hyphae to the muscle layer was also observed. Such damage is also reported previously in Saprolegnia infection [ 17 , 39 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq

2020

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“…Nevertheless, the traits of aquatic oomycetes regard to saprophytism and endophytism are largely unknown, in comparison with the parasitic species that infect fish, fish eggs [9,10], and algae [11,12]. In Korea, aquatic oomycetes relating to fish and algae diseases have been recently recorded, e.g., Achlya [3], Pythium [12,13], and Saprolegnia [14]. However, diversity of saprotrophic or endophytic oomycetes in Korea remains still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PhytopythiumandPythiumSpecies (Oomycota) Isolated from Freshwater Environments of Korea

Nam

Choi

2019

Mycobiology

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Oomycetes are widely distributed in various environments, including desert and polar regions. Depending upon different habits and hosts, they have evolved with both saprophytic and pathogenic nutritional modes. Freshwater ecosystem is one of the most important habitats for members of oomycetes. Most studies on oomycete diversity, however, have been biased mostly towards terrestrial phytopathogenic species, rather than aquatic species, although their roles as saprophytes and parasites are essential for freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we isolated oomycete strains from soil sediment, algae, and decaying plant debris in freshwater streams of Korea. The strains were identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS rDNA, cox1, and cox2 mtDNA sequences. As a result, we discovered eight oomycete species previously unknown in Korea, namely Phytopythium chamaehyphon, Phytopythium litorale, Phytopythium vexans, Pythium diclinum, Pythium heterothallicum, Pythium inflatum, Pythium intermedium, and Pythium oopapillum. Diversity and ecology of freshwater oomycetes in Korea are poorly understood. This study could contribute to understand their distribution and ecological function in freshwater ecosystem.

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“…Therefore, from the present study, it can be assumed that A. invadans was able to evade immune recognition by the host through downregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 . Interestingly, in contrast, upregulation of TLR2 and TLR4 has been reported in rainbow trout following infection with S. parasitica 73 . The observed variation in expression pattern of TLRs could be due to differences between oomycete and host species as well as routes of infection 74 , 75 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Molecular insights into the mechanisms of susceptibility of Labeo rohita against oomycete Aphanomyces invadans

Pradhan

Verma

Peruzza

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Aphanomyces invadans, the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome, is one of the most destructive pathogens of freshwater fishes. To date, the disease has been reported from over 160 fish species in 20 countries and notably, this is the first non-salmonid disease that has resulted in major impacts globally. In particular, Indian major carps (IMCs) are highly susceptible to this disease. To increase our knowledge particularly with regards to host immune response against A. invadans infection in a susceptible host, the gene expression profile in head kidney of A. invadans-infected and control rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated using RNA sequencing. Time course analysis of RNA-Seq data revealed 5608 differentially expressed genes, involved among others in Antigen processing and presentation, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, IL-17 signaling, Chemokine signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In the affected pathways, a number of immune genes were found to be downregulated, suggesting an immune evasion strategy of A. invadans in establishing the infection. The information generated in this study offers first systematic mechanistic understanding of the host–pathogen interaction that might underpin the development of new management strategies for this economically devastating fish-pathogenic oomycete A. invadans.

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Saprolegnia parasitica Isolated from Rainbow Trout in Korea: Characterization, Anti-Saprolegnia Activity and Host Pathogen Interaction in Zebrafish Disease Model

Cited by 39 publications

References 44 publications

Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq

Isolation, molecular identification, and pathological lesions of Saprolegnia spp. isolated from common carp, Cyprinus carpio in floating cages in Mosul, Iraq

PhytopythiumandPythiumSpecies (Oomycota) Isolated from Freshwater Environments of Korea

Molecular insights into the mechanisms of susceptibility of Labeo rohita against oomycete Aphanomyces invadans

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