Sanguisorba officinalis L. promotes diabetic wound healing in rats through inflammation response mediated by macrophage

Abstract

Sanguisorba officinalis L., a traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently used to treat burns and scalds. But even so, it is unknown whether S. officinalis L. can accelerate diabetic wounds (DW) healing. Here, to bridge the gap, we employed in vivo and in vitro evaluations to assess the positive effect of S. officinalis L. ethanol extract (ESO) on DW. Results demonstrated that ESO dramatically improved the DW healing rate. With ESO treatment, the inappropriately elevated levels of IL6, IL1β and TNFα in DW were reduced, while the expression of IL10 was increased, indicating that the abnormal inflammation in DW was also under control. Moreover, the abnormally elevated expression of CD86 was significantly inhibited and the expression of CD206 was significantly up‐regulated following treatment with ESO. The global level of NF‐κB protein was not affected by ESO treatment, but it suppressed the expression of phosphorylated NF‐κB and prevented its nuclear entry. In addition, in RAW264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the expression of NLRP3, Caspase1 and IL1β were significantly diminished following ESO treatment. In conclusion, ESO was proved to be a promising treatment for DW healing due to its potential to accelerate the healing process by suppressing the inflammatory response. This was achieved by increasing the ratio of M2 to M1 polarization through blocking the NF‐κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Visualization of the relationship between macrophage and wound healing from the perspective of bibliometric analysis

“…Hence, modulation of macrophages could be employed to decrease the proportion of M1 macrophages during the inflammatory phase and enhance the ratio of M2 macrophages. This approach aims to abbreviate the inflammatory stage in the healing process of diabetic wounds, consequently contributing to the therapeutic intervention of diabetic wounds 41,42 . All in all, targeting macrophage functions might be a promising strategy for wound healing.…”

“…However, in the presence of conditions like diabetes, microvascular basement membrane thickening could occur, leading to the adhesion of inflammatory cells to the endothelium of micro‐vessels 70 . Additionally, reduced local blood supply could further result in ischaemia and hypoxia at the wound site, lowering infection resistance and disrupting the wound healing process, ultimately leading to chronic wounds 41,42 . Diabetic wounds are often utilized as models to study the characteristics of chronically non‐healing wounds.…”

“…Macrophage function in diabetic mice was not properly regulated, leading to prolonged presence of M1 macrophages, extending the inflammation phase and exhibiting inefficient transition to the M2 phenotype 71 . Consequently, numerous studies focus on reducing the proportion of M1 macrophages during the inflammation stage and increasing the proportion of M2 macrophages to shorten the inflammatory phase in diabetic wound healing, thereby aiding in the healing process 7,41,42 . However, several research also suggested that an excessive presence of M2 macrophages for prolonged periods might result in excessive collagen deposition and scar formation 73,74 .…”

“…This approach aims to abbreviate the inflammatory stage in the healing process of diabetic wounds, consequently contributing to the therapeutic intervention of diabetic wounds. 41 , 42 All in all, targeting macrophage functions might be a promising strategy for wound healing.…”

Der Große Wiesenknopf Sanguisorba officinalis L.

“…Sanguiin (monomer, mit einem Molekül Glucose im Zentrum). mentell wurde nachgewiesen, dass der ethanolische Wurzelextrakt zur Behandlung von Wundheilungsstörungen bei Diabetikern einsetzbar ist und die Entzündungssymptomatik mindert sowie die Heilungsdauer verkürzt[15].…”