<i>Salvia Divinorum</i>Use among a College Student Sample

Khey, David N.; Miller, Bryan Lee; Griffin, O. Hayden

doi:10.2190/de.38.3.g

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Use of bath salts was found to be more common among Hispanics and Native Americans as compared to Whites and Blacks. This is in contrast to other studies that have indicated novel drug use is more common among Whites (Lange et al 2008;Khey et al 2008). Those studies, however, focused on non-stimulant drugs.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Not-So-Clean Fun: A Profile of Bath Salt Users Among a College Sample in the United States

Miller

Stogner

2014

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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This research examines the characteristics of users of synthetic stimulants marketed as "bath salts." Synthetic stimulants such as MDPV (3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone), Mephedrone (4-Methylmethcathinone), and Methylone (3,4-Methylenedioxymethcathinone) are often contained in products sold at convenience stores and over the Internet in the United States. Despite the recent legal action banning these types of synthetic stimulants, little is known about the characteristics of the users of these substances. This research provides a profile of bath salt users in the United States among an emerging adult population. A self-report survey instrument was administered to 2,349 students at a large university in the southeastern United States. Respondents indicated whether they had used synthetic stimulants and reported demographic characteristics. Results indicated that users of bath salts were more likely to be male, Hispanic or Native American, student athletes, employed, identify as a members of the LGBT community, and users of other substances.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Not-So-Clean Fun: A Profile of Bath Salt Users Among a College Sample in the United States

Miller

Stogner

2014

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs

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“…Respondents’ age, sex, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Native American [American Indian/Alaska Native], Asian/Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian, multiple-race, Hispanic), total family income, and population density of residence were examined as potential correlates for S. divinorum use 17,21,22,31–33. For adolescents who were unable to respond to the income questions, proxy responses were accepted from a household member.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, there are only a few studies of prevalence and correlates of S. divinorum use, and they have focused primarily on college students 17,21,22. In a convenience sample of undergraduate students at a large public university in the southeastern United States (N = 825), 10.9% of men and 3.8% of women reported lifetime use of any S. divinorum; S. divinorum use was associated with male sex, white race, a high level of family income, marijuana use, and a low level of self-control 17,21.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a convenience sample of undergraduate students at a large public university in the southeastern United States (N = 825), 10.9% of men and 3.8% of women reported lifetime use of any S. divinorum; S. divinorum use was associated with male sex, white race, a high level of family income, marijuana use, and a low level of self-control 17,21. In another study of college students drawn from a large public university in the southwestern United States (N = 1516), Lange et al22 found that 4.4% of the sample reported using S. divinorum at least once in the past 12 months, and that whites, males, fraternity members, illicit drug users, and heavy episodic drinkers reported a higher prevalence than other groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent national trends in Salvia divinorum use and substance-use disorders among recent and former Salvia divinorum users compared with nonusers

Wu¹,

Woody²,

Yang³

et al. 2011

SAR

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Context Media and scientific reports have indicated an increase in recreational use of Salvia divinorum. Epidemiological data are lacking on the trends, prevalence, and correlates of S. divinorum use in large representative samples, as well as the extent of substance use and mental health problems among S. divinorum users. Objective To examine the national trend in prevalence of S. divinorum use and to identify sociodemographic, behavioral, mental health, and substance-use profiles of recent (past-year) and former users of S. divinorum. Design Analyses of public-use data files from the 2006–2008 United States National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (N = 166,453). Setting Noninstitutionalized individuals aged 12 years or older were interviewed in their places of residence. Main measures Substance use, S. divinorum, self-reported substance use disorders, criminality, depression, and mental health treatment were assessed by standardized survey questions administered by the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing method. Results Among survey respondents, lifetime prevalence of S. divinorum use had increased from 0.7% in 2006 to 1.3% in 2008 (an 83% increase). S. divinorum use was associated with ages 18–25 years, male gender, white or multiple race, residence of large metropolitan areas, arrests for criminal activities, and depression. S. divinorum use was particularly common among recent drug users, including users of lysergic acid diethylamide (53.7%), ecstasy (30.1%), heroin (24.2%), phencyclidine (22.4%), and cocaine (17.5%). Adjusted multinomial logistic analyses indicated polydrug use as the strongest determinant for recent and former S. divinorum use. An estimated 43.0% of past-year S. divinorum users and 28.9% of former S. divinorum users had an illicit or nonmedical drug-use disorder compared with 2.5% of nonusers. Adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that recent and former S. divinorum users had greater odds of having past-year depression and a substance-use disorder (alcohol or drugs) than past-year alcohol or drug users who did not use S. divinorum. Conclusion S. divinorum use is prevalent among recent or active drug users who have used other hallucinogens or stimulants. The high prevalence of substance use disorders among recent S. divinorum users emphasizes the need to study health risks of drug interactions.

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“…SD is controlled in 20 US states (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2012) and is listed as a "drug of concern" by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) (Perron et al, 2012). SD is legally and commercially available in many states and countries, which likely contributes to its popularity (Khey et al, 2008). In 2012, 5.2 million individuals in the US (2% of the population) were estimated to have used SD in their lifetime, with highest use rate among young males (SAMHSA, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subjective experience of acute, experimentally-induced Salvia divinorum inebriation

Addy

Garcia-Romeu

Metzger³

et al. 2015

J Psychopharmacol

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This study examined the overall psychological effects of inebriation facilitated by the naturally-occurring plant hallucinogen Salvia divinorum using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty healthy individuals self-administered Salvia divinorum via combustion and inhalation in a quiet, comfortable research setting. Experimental sessions, post-session interviews, and 8-week follow-up meetings were audio recorded and transcribed to provide the primary qualitative material analyzed here. Additionally, post-session responses to the Hallucinogen Rating Scale provided a quantitative groundwork for mixed-methods discussion. Qualitative data underwent thematic content analysis, being coded independently by three researchers before being collaboratively integrated to provide the final results. Three main themes and 10 subthemes of acute intoxication emerged, encompassing the qualities of the experience, perceptual alterations, and cognitive-affective shifts. The experience was described as having rapid onset and being intense and unique. Participants reported marked changes in auditory, visual, and interoceptive sensory input; losing normal awareness of themselves and their surroundings; and an assortment of delusional phenomena. Additionally, the abuse potential of Salvia divinorum was examined post hoc. These findings are discussed in light of previous research, and provide an initial framework for greater understanding of the subjective effects of Salvia divinorum, an emerging drug of abuse.

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Salvia DivinorumUse among a College Student Sample

Cited by 42 publications

References 10 publications

Not-So-Clean Fun: A Profile of Bath Salt Users Among a College Sample in the United States

Not-So-Clean Fun: A Profile of Bath Salt Users Among a College Sample in the United States

Recent national trends in Salvia divinorum use and substance-use disorders among recent and former Salvia divinorum users compared with nonusers

The subjective experience of acute, experimentally-induced Salvia divinorum inebriation

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