<i>Salmonella enterica</i>
            Serotype 4,5,12:i:−, an Emerging
            <i>Salmonella</i>
            Serotype That Represents Multiple Distinct Clones

Soyer, Yeşim; Switt, Andrea I. Moreno; Davis, Margaret A.; Maurer, John J.; McDonough, Patrick L.; Schoonmaker-Bopp, Dianna; Dumas, Nellie B.; Root, Timothy P.; Warnick, Lorin D.; Gröhn, Yrjö T.; Wiedmann, Martin

doi:10.1128/jcm.00546-09

Cited by 126 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, these methods are based on genomic targets that are not directly responsible for antigen expression, which might lead to serovar misidentification. This is particularly the case for a newly emergent serovar (e.g., S. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:Ϫ), which might be misidentified as the serovar of its evolutionary ancestor (29,30). To facilitate the further development and implementation of DNA-based approaches for serovar identification of Salmonella isolates, we compared different molecular subtyping methods (i.e., PFGE, rep-PCR, ribotyping, and MLST) and a newly implemented combined PCRand-sequencing-based approach that directly targets O-and H-antigen-encoding genes for their abilities to predict Salmonella serovars.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Typing Methods with a New Procedure Based on Sequence Characterization for Salmonella Serovar Prediction

et al. 2013

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bAs the development of molecular serotyping approaches is critical for Salmonella spp., which include >2,600 serovars, we performed an initial evaluation of the ability to identify Salmonella serovars using (i) different molecular subtyping methods and (ii) a newly implemented combined PCR-and sequencing-based approach that directly targets O-and H-antigen-encoding genes. Initial testing was performed using 46 isolates that represent the top 40 Salmonella serovars isolated from human and nonhuman sources, as reported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was able to accurately predict the serovars for 42/46 isolates and showed the best ability to predict serovars among the subtyping methods tested. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), ribotyping, and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) were able to accurately predict the serovars for 35/46, 34/46, and 30/46 isolates, respectively. Among the methods, S. enterica subsp. enterica serovars 4,5,12:i:؊, Typhimurium, and Typhimurium var. 5؊ were frequently not classified correctly, which is consistent with their close phylogenetic relationship. To develop a PCR-and sequence-based serotyping approach, we integrated available data sources to implement a combination PCR-based O-antigen screening and sequencing of internal fliC and fljB fragments. This approach correctly identified the serovars for 42/46 isolates in the initial set representing the most common Salmonella serovars, as well as for 54/63 isolates representing less common Salmonella serovars. Our study not only indicates that different molecular approaches show the potential to allow for rapid serovar classification of Salmonella isolates, but it also provides data that can help with the selection of molecular serotyping methods to be used by different laboratories.

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of Typing Methods with a New Procedure Based on Sequence Characterization for Salmonella Serovar Prediction

et al. 2013

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“…However, no chloramphenicol-sensitive colonies were detected in all experiments performed, even in prolonged cultures, under bacteriophage induction or after infection of mouse tissues. As shown previously, the Fels-2 prophage gene was absent in monophasic S and US 4, [5],12:i:-strains (Garaizar et al, 2002;Soyer et al, 2009), which has led some groups to hypothesize that imprecise excision of this prophage could delete the fljBA operon along with adjacent sequences. Even after the growth of bacteria in a condition described to induce the lytic cycle in prophages, none of the colonies assayed were chloramphenicolsensitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A number of studies indicate that it is a monophasic variant of serovar Typhimurium that lacks fljB expression (Garaizar et al, 2002;Moreno-Switt et al, 2009). Soyer et al (2009) identified the existence of at least two clones of 4, [5],12:i:-, the Spanish (S) and the United States (US), that differ in the type of molecular events associated with the deletion of the fljBA operon. In the US clone sequence, 76 CDSs were absent including the fljBA operon and Fels-2 gene ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that S. enterica 4, [5],12:i:-is represented by multiple clones with distinct geographical distribution Laorden et al, 2010). Soyer et al (2009) suggested that deletion of the fljBA operon in the US clone could have resulted from an imprecise excision of a prophage. Therefore, prophages appear to have a role in the emergence of at least one of the S. enterica 4,5,12:i:-clones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have demonstrated that S. enterica 4, [5],12:i:-is a variant of serovar Typhimurium due to the loss of the fljBA operon, which is responsible for flagellar phase variation (Echeita et al, 2001;Garaizar et al, 2002;Soyer et al, 2009;Laorden et al, 2010). In serovar Typhimurium, the two flagellar antigens are encoded by two structural genes, fliC (flagellar phase I) and fljB (flagellar phase II) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salmonella enterica Typhimurium fljBA operon stability: implications regarding the origin of Salmonella enterica I 4,[5],12:i:-

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:-has been responsible for many recent Salmonella outbreaks worldwide. Several studies indicate that this serovar originated from S. enterica subsp enterica serovar Typhimurium, by the loss of the flagellar phase II gene (fljB) and adjacent sequences. However, at least two different clones of S. enterica 4,5,12:i:-exist that differs in the molecular events responsible for fljB deletion. The aim of this study was to test the stability of the fljBA operon responsible for the flagellar phase variation under different growth conditions in order to verify if its deletion is a frequent event that could explain the origin and dissemination of this serovar. In fact, coding sequences for transposons are present near this operon and in some strains, such as S. enterica Typhimurium LT2, the Fels-2 prophage gene is inserted near this operon. The presence of mobile DNA could confer instability to this region. In order to examine this, the cat (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) gene was inserted adjacent to the fljBA operon so that deletions involving this genomic region could be identified. After growing S. enterica chloramphenicol-resistant strains under different conditions, more ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (4): 19057-19065 (2015) than 10 4 colonies were tested for the loss of chloramphenicol resistance. However, none of the colonies were sensitive to chloramphenicol. These data suggest that the origin of S. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:-from Typhimurium by fljBA deletion is not a frequent event. The origin and dissemination of 4,5,12:i:-raise several questions about the role of flagellar phase variation in virulence.

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Salmonellosis

Griffith¹,

Carlson²,

Krull³

2019

Diseases of Swine

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Salmonella enterica Serotype 4,5,12:i:−, an Emerging Salmonella Serotype That Represents Multiple Distinct Clones

Cited by 126 publications

References 34 publications

Comparison of Typing Methods with a New Procedure Based on Sequence Characterization for Salmonella Serovar Prediction

Comparison of Typing Methods with a New Procedure Based on Sequence Characterization for Salmonella Serovar Prediction

Salmonella enterica Typhimurium fljBA operon stability: implications regarding the origin of Salmonella enterica I 4,[5],12:i:-

Salmonellosis

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