Salacia chinensisexerts its antidiabetic effect by modulating glucose‐regulated proteins and transcription factors in high‐fat diet fed‐streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic rats

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, associated with abnormal insulin secretion from β-pancreatic cells (type 1 DM) or its poor action on target cells (type 2 DM) (Petersmann et al., 2018). It is projected that the number of people with DM globally would become 552 million by 2030, thus, representing a public health problem (Whiting et al., 2011). It has been reported that a sedentary lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and obesity increase the risk of developing DM (Kuate et al., 2015). Obesity is the most common metabolic disease in developed and developing countries, characterized by the accumulation of excessive body fat resulting from less physical activity, high-calorie consumption, and genetic predisposition, leading to serious consequences such as hypertension (Feinkohl et al., 2018), reproduction disorders

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) may alleviate the effect of high‐fat diet/streptozotocin‐induced diabetes by activation of the GSK‐3β/Fyn/Nrf2 pathway

“…Previously many studies have reported that antioxidant capacity was reduced by type 2 diabetes (Erten et al, 2020 ; Goboza et al, 2019 ; Kheiripour et al, 2019 ; Sahin et al, 2019 ). Also, it is well‐known that MDA, a lipid peroxidation marker, levels significantly increase in serum (Sahin et al, 2019 ) and liver (Kheiripour et al, 2019 ) due to lipotoxicity, low‐grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in HFD/STZ‐induced type 2 diabetes (Singh et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Excessive fat intake elevated serum and liver FFA may promote inflammatory hepatic damage and insulin resistance (Ma et al, 2018 ), leading to the deterioration of glucose metabolism and subsequent hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia (Sahin et al, 2019 ). Also, STZ targets the insulin‐producing the β‐cells and may break down tissue proteins, resulting in body weight loss (Erten et al, 2020 ). Therefore, this study confirmed that with body weight loss, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, FFA, insulin, and glucose levels were tightly associated with type 2 diabetes and significantly increased in HFD/STZ rats.…”

“…The level of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) activities and the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined by a biochemistry analyzer (Samsung LABGEO PT10 , Suwon, Korea) (Erten et al, 2020 ). Serum FFA level was measured with a diagnostic kit (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany), according to the colorimetric method (Shimizu et al, 1980 ).…”

Investigation of the Chemical Composition, Antihyperglycemic and Antilipidemic Effects of Bassia eriophora and Its Derived Constituent, Umbelliferone on High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Then, overnight-fasted animals were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) with a single dose of 40 mg/kg STZ, prepared in a 0.1 M cold citrate buffer (pH 4.5), and monitored for 3 days as previously described [ 67 , 68 , 69 ]. A blood glucose level of > 250 mg/dL was confirmed as a state of hyperglycemia.…”

Normal and Pathological NRF2 Signalling in the Central Nervous System

“…Interestingly, NRF2 activity can be modified by daily consumption of specific food and phytochemicals. Most of these micronutrients/compounds are contained in plant-based food such as kaempferol (a polyphenol found in some fruits and vegetables), niga-ichigoside (a triterpenoid saponin from rosacea), salacia chinensis extracts (a climbing plant that contains triterpenes, phenolic compounds, and glycosides), hydroxytyrosol (the main phenolic compound in olives), curcumin, rebaudioside (a sweetener from Stevia rebaudiana), chicoric acid, and omega 3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids [ 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ]. In addition, NFE2L2 gene expression can be upregulated by fibre-enriched diets [ 179 ].…”