“…Addition of rHla to the extracellular medium of such cells induces elevations in [Ca 2ϩ ] i (14,50) and may increase membrane permeability for monovalent cations (31,58). This may directly or indirectly affect ciliary beat frequency, fluid and mucus secretion, or the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (7,11,15,33,39,43,51). These functional changes are supposed to represent defensive actions of the epithelial cells against the bacteria (32).…”