Rice stripe virus: Exploring Molecular Weapons in the Arsenal of a Negative-Sense RNA Virus

Abstract

Rice stripe disease caused by Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses of rice and causes enormous losses in production. RSV is transmitted from plant to plant by the small brown planthopper ( Laodelphax striatellus) in a circulative–propagative manner. The recent reemergence of this pathogen in East Asia since 2000 has made RSV one of the most studied plant viruses over the past two decades. Extensive studies of RSV have resulted in substantial advances regarding fundamental aspects of the virus infection. Here, we compile and analyze recent information on RSV with a special emphasis on the strategies that RSV has adopted to establish infections. These advances include RSV replication and movement in host plants and the small brown planthopper vector, innate immunity defenses against RSV infection, epidemiology, and recent advances in the management of rice stripe disease. Understanding these issues will facilitate the design of novel antiviral therapies for management and contribute to a more detailed understanding of negative-sense virus–host interactions at the molecular level. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 59 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Roles of Bacterial Symbionts in Transmission of Plant Virus by Hemipteran Vectors

“…Plant sap-feeding hemipteran insects, such as aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers and planthoppers, are the most important agricultural pests and serve as vectors for phytopathogenic viruses and bacteria (Hogenhout et al, 2008;Wei and Li, 2016;Wang and Blanc, 2021;Xu et al, 2021). Among them, aphids are polyphagous and transmit over 100 plant viruses (Hogenhout et al, 2008;Chen Y.Z.…”

“…Viral dissemination in insect bodies is highly associated with vector competency of viral transmissions. Most studies on transmission mechanisms are based on virus-insect protein interactions as well as host and vector manipulations (Wei and Li, 2016;Wang and Blanc, 2021;Xu et al, 2021). As in mammals and other eucaryotes, insects are inhabited by various symbiont microorganisms and the insect health and basic biology are influenced and modulated by them, including nutritional metabolism, reproduction, and pathogen defense (Douglas, 2011;Bennett and Moran, 2013;Newell and Douglas, 2014).…”

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Chemoreception Organs of Laodelphax striatellus in Response to Rice Stripe Virus Infection

“…The small brown planthopper, as one of the most destructive rice pests, is notorious for causing serious yield loss by feeding damage as well as transmitting RSV [29]. Before the release of the L. striatellus genome sequence in 2017 [30], several previous pyrosequencing-based transcriptome studies have characterized the whole body or organ transcriptomic response [23,26].…”

Sublethal Effects of Imidacloprid on Fecundity, Apoptosis and Virus Transmission in the Small Brown Planthopper Laodelphax striatellus

“…The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is one of the most serious pests in East Asian rice fields, which not only causes direct damage via sucking rice sap and laying its eggs into rice tissues, but also acts as a viral vector that transmits rice stripe virus (RSV) [1][2][3]. RSV is a typical persistentpropagative plant virus, which is effectively transmitted by SBPH in a persistent and circulative-propagative manner [3,4].…”