Rhodococcus equifoal pneumonia: Update on epidemiology, immunity, treatment and prevention

Abstract

Pneumonia in foals caused by Rhodococcus equi is a problem of global importance for equine health. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The purpose of this review is to summarise recent developments in our understanding of the epidemiology, immunity, treatment, and prevention of R. equi pneumonia in foals, with an emphasis on the information of practical importance for managing and controlling this disease. | EPIDEMI OLOGYThe major developments in the epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia in recent years have been the impact of screening tests for earlier detection of disease and the emergence of macrolide-and rifampinresistant strains of R. equi, predominately in North America. These interrelated developments are reviewed below. | Impact of screening on epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia in foalsRhodococcus equi causes pneumonia in foals that generally progresses insidiously. 16 Early in the course of disease, body

World Equine Veterinary Association Congress moves to Chile: A collection of articles for the South American practitioner

“…Alineándose con las ideas en evolución sobre el uso responsable de antimicrobianos, una revisión de la neumonía por Rhodococcus equi ( R. equi ) en potrillos, ilustra como el uso de programas de sondeo con ultrasonido y el tratamiento subsecuente de potrillos afectados sub clínicamente, ha llevado a la emergencia de cepas Resistentes a Múltiples Drogas (MDR) 25 . Con 70.8% de los potrillos afectados sub clínicamente recuperándose sin la necesidad de tratamiento, y se piensa que las cepas MDR‐ R. equi tienen 7x más posibilidad de llevar a la muerte a un potrillo infectado, que la infección por un cepa no MDR, 25 esto cuestiona la validez del continuado uso de estos programas de sondeo. Un informe de caso sobre Taylorella asinigenitalis mientras tanto, nos trae a reconocer la diferencia entre burro y caballos; este organismo que es considerado no patogénico en burros, causa endometritis y cervicitis purulenta severa en tres yeguas equinas infectadas accidentalmente 26 …”

“…Aligning with changing thoughts on the responsible use of antimicrobials, a review of Rhodococcus equi ( R. equi ) pneumonia in foals illustrates how the use of ultrasound screening programmes and subsequent treatment of subclinically affected foals has led to the emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) strains 25 . With 70.8% of subclinically infected foals recovering without the need for treatment, and MDR‐ R. equi strains thought to be 7× more likely to lead to the death of an infected foal, than infection with a non‐MDR strain, 25 this questions the continued validity of these screening programmes. A case report on Taylorella asinigenitalis meanwhile brings us back to recognising the difference between donkeys and horses; this organism which is considered non‐pathogenic in donkeys, causing severe purulent endometritis and cervicitis in three accidentally infected horse mares 26 …”

“…Aligning with changing thoughts on the responsible use of antimicrobials, a review of Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) pneumonia in foals illustrates how the use of ultrasound screening programmes and subsequent treatment of subclinically affected foals has led to the emergence of Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) strains. 25 With 70.8% of subclinically infected foals recovering without the need for treatment, and MDR-R. equi strains thought to be 7Â more likely to lead to the death of an infected foal, than infection with a non-MDR strain, 25 this questions the continued validity of these screening programmes. A case report on Taylorella asinigenitalis meanwhile brings us back to recognising the difference between donkeys and horses; this organism which is considered non-pathogenic in donkeys, causing severe purulent endometritis and cervicitis in three accidentally infected horse mares.…”

A Rare Presentation of Rhodococcus Equi Bacteremia as a Result of Right Upper Arm Cellulitis: A Case Report and Literature Review

“…This non-motile, obligate aerobe grows well in the soil at temperatures ranging from 10° to 40° C, as natural nutrients are readily available from the manure of grass-grazing animals [ 1 , 3 , 7 - 8 ]. It has an optimal growth environment in the intestines of grazing animals [ 1 , 8 ].…”

Development of monoclonal antibodies against Rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein N and their application to pathological diagnosis

“…Rhodococcus equi is known in the field of veterinary medicine as the causative agent of pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals ( 1 , 2 ). In addition, R. equi has been isolated from various animal species such as pigs, dogs, cats, cattle, goats, and humans, indicating its wide host range ( 3 – 5 ).…”