Rhizomys sumatrensisandCannomys badius, new natural animal hosts ofPenicillium marneffei

Chariyalertsak, Suwat; Vanittanakom, Pramote; Nelson, Kenrad E.; Sirisanthana, Thira; Vanittanakom, Nongnuch

doi:10.1080/02681219680000161

Cited by 91 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These findings corroborate those already described in the literature and show the importance of this animal group as reservoirs of several pathogens (46). Some rodent species are considered reservoirs of Coccidioides immitis and Penicillium marneffei; similarly, the rodents Calomys callosus have been recently described as susceptible to experimental infection with P. brasiliensis (47)(48)(49)(50).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Road-killed wild animals: a preservation problem useful for eco-epidemiological studies of pathogens

Richini-Pereira¹,

Bosco²,

Theodoro³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Road-killed wild animals have been for years used for surveillance of vectors of zoonotic pathogens and may offer new opportunities for eco-epidemiological studies. In the current study, fungal infection was evaluated by PCR and nested-PCR in tissue samples collected from 19 road-killed wild animals. The necropsies were carried out and samples were collected for DNA extraction. Results, using PCR with a panfungal primer and nested PCR with specific primers, indicated that some animals are naturally infected with Amauroascus aureus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Emmonsia parva, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis or Pichia stipitis. The approach employed herein proved useful for detecting the environmental occurrence of several fungi, as well as determining natural reservoirs in wild animals and facilitating the understanding of host-pathogen relationships.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Road-killed wild animals: a preservation problem useful for eco-epidemiological studies of pathogens

Richini-Pereira¹,

Bosco²,

Theodoro³

et al. 2010

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…The fungus was subsequently described as a new species by Segretain (25), who named the fungus Penicillium marneffei in honor of Hubert Marneffei, then-director of the Pasteur Institute in French Indochina. In later decades, several workers investigated the prevalence of P. marneffei in bamboo rats in different geographic areas (1,5,9,20,29,33). Four species of bamboo rats, R. sinensis, Rhizomys pruinosus, Rhizomys sumatrensis, and Cannomys badius, were identified as natural hosts of P. marneffei (1,5,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In later decades, several workers investigated the prevalence of P. marneffei in bamboo rats in different geographic areas (1,5,9,20,29,33). Four species of bamboo rats, R. sinensis, Rhizomys pruinosus, Rhizomys sumatrensis, and Cannomys badius, were identified as natural hosts of P. marneffei (1,5,9). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether P. marneffei occured in bamboo rats in Manipur state, an area where several human cases of penicilliosis marneffei have recently been described (23,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cannomys badius as a Natural Animal Host of Penicillium marneffei in India

et al. 2004

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Infection by Penicillium marneffei in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in India has recently been described; the aim of our study was to survey wild rodents and their associated environment in order to identify the natural populations of this fungus. Surveys recovered P. marneffei from the internal organs of 10 (9.1%) of 110 bamboo rats (Cannomys badius) examined from Manipur state, India, an area endemic for penicilliosis marneffei. Identification of the isolates was based on a detailed study of their morphological characteristics, in vitro conversion to fission yeast form, and exoantigen tests. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) of the isolates revealed five genotypes. No genotypes were shared between sample sites, and all bamboo rats were infected with a single genotype within sample sites, demonstrating spatial genetic heterogeneity. One MLMT genotype was identical to that seen in a human isolate, suggesting that either coinfection from a common source or host-to-host transmission had occurred. This demonstrates the utility of an MLMT-based approach to elucidating the epidemiology of P. marneffei.Penicillium marneffei is the only dimorphic species of the genus Penicillium and is the etiological agent of penicilliosis marneffei. This opportunistic fungal infection occurs among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and other immunocompromised patients in several regions of southeast Asia. Areas where P. marneffei infection is known to be endemic include Thailand, southern China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Indonesia, Viet Nam, Myanmar (Burma), and Manipur state in India (10,11,23,27,28). A single case of the disease in an African from Ghana, who had no history of travel to Asia, has also been described (21). Several cases of penicilliosis marneffei have been reported from Europe, the United States, Australia, and Singapore in patients who had prior history of visits to areas where the infection is endemic (17,28).Initial isolation of P. marneffei was from a captive bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) used for laboratory experiments in South Vietnam (3). The native bamboo rat had been experimentally inoculated with the scrub typhus bacterium Rickettsia orientalis (now designated Rickettsia tsutsugamushi). At autopsy, the rodent was found to have an enlarged liver and spleen, viscous ascitic fluid, and epiploic nodules. Cultures from all the organs yielded a Penicillium species, which proved pathogenic to hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The fungus was subsequently described as a new species by Segretain (25), who named the fungus Penicillium marneffei in honor of Hubert Marneffei, then-director of the Pasteur Institute in French Indochina. In later decades, several workers investigated the prevalence of P. marneffei in bamboo rats in different geographic areas (1,5,9,20,29,33). Four species of bamboo rats, R. sinensis, Rhizomys pruinosus, Rhizomys sumatrensis, and Cannomys badius, were identified as natural hosts of P. marneffei (1, 5, 9). The aim of the present study was to investigate whe...

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“…The range of endemicity of the pathogen is confined to southeast Asia, where autochthonous isolations from northeast India, Thailand, the Guangxi region of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia are known (1). In these regions, P. marneffei is a naturally occurring sylvatic infection in a high proportion of bamboo rat species (3)(4)(5). However, it is not known whether bamboo rats are (i) an obligate stage in P. marneffei's life cycle and (ii) a zoonotic focus for human infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multilocus Microsatellite Typing System for Penicillium marneffei Reveals Spatially Structured Populations

et al. 2004

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For eukaryotic pathogens that have low levels of genetic variation, multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) offers an accurate and reproducible method of characterizing genetic diversity. Here, we describe the application of an MLMT system to the emerging pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei. Isolates used for this study were those held in the culture collections of the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and the Chiang Mai University Department of Microbiology, Chang Mai, Thailand. High genetic diversity and extensive spatial structure were observed among clinical isolates, with the geographical area of origin for each isolate strongly correlating with the occurrence of two deeply divided clades. Within each clade, multilocus linkage associations were highly significant and could be explained by genetically differentiated populations or by an exclusively clonal reproductive mode, or both. Our results show that southeast Asian penicilliosis is caused by a fungus with a complex population genetic structure. Furthermore, this MLMT system generates digital data that can be easily queried against a centrally held database via the internet (http://pmarneffei.multilocus.net/); this provides a powerful epidemiological tool for analyzing the underlying parameters that are responsible for the emergence of P. marneffei in human immunodeficiency virus-positive populations.Penicillium marneffei is a mitosporic pathogenic fungus of the family Trichocomaceae that has emerged since 1990 as a significant human mycosis. Emergence of P. marneffei has occurred in concert with the explosive epidemic of AIDS in southeast Asia, where it is classified as an AIDS-related indicator disease (17). In northern Thailand, P. marneffei is the third most frequent opportunistic infectious disease organism, after tuberculosis and cryptococcosis (22).So far, the ecology and epidemiology of P. marneffei have remained enigmatic. The range of endemicity of the pathogen is confined to southeast Asia, where autochthonous isolations from northeast India, Thailand, the Guangxi region of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Indonesia are known (1). In these regions, P. marneffei is a naturally occurring sylvatic infection in a high proportion of bamboo rat species (3-5). However, it is not known whether bamboo rats are (i) an obligate stage in P. marneffei's life cycle and (ii) a zoonotic focus for human infection. Furthermore, it is not known whether all lineages of P. marneffei are equally infectious to bamboo rats and humans or rather represent a subset of a wider, more genetically diverse population. In order to address these questions, there is an urgent need for well-characterized neutral markers with which to analyze the population genetic structure of P. marneffei.Studies of P. marneffei using molecular epidemiological techniques are still at an early stage of development, with previous differentiation of P. marneffei isolates relying on PCR amplification of anonymous loci (14) or enzyme-based restriction of nucle...

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Rhizomys sumatrensisandCannomys badius, new natural animal hosts ofPenicillium marneffei

Cited by 91 publications

References 22 publications

Road-killed wild animals: a preservation problem useful for eco-epidemiological studies of pathogens

Road-killed wild animals: a preservation problem useful for eco-epidemiological studies of pathogens

Role of Cannomys badius as a Natural Animal Host of Penicillium marneffei in India

Multilocus Microsatellite Typing System for Penicillium marneffei Reveals Spatially Structured Populations

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