RETRACTED: Physcion 8‐O‐β‐Glucopyranoside Exerts Anti‐Tumor Activity Against Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting PPARγ

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related mortality. The present study is designed to investigate whether a naturally occurring anthraquinone compound, physcion 8‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (PG) could exert anti‐cancer activity against non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Expressions of marker proteins were assessed by western blot analysis. To examine the role of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ) in PG‐induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, PPARγ was knockdown using siRNA. In addition, a xenograft model was established to investigate the effect of PG in vivo. The results showed that PG markedly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cell lines A549 and H358. The anti‐tumor effect of PG in NSCLC cells was mediated by upregulation of PPARγ. Besides, in NSCLC cell lines, the anti‐cancer activity of PG was also examined in the xenograft mice model, which showed that PG could significantly reduce tumor burden and activate apoptotic signaling. Our results demonstrated that PG can be regarded as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancer. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:785–793, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

RETRACTED: Furowanin A Exhibits Antiproliferative and Pro‐Apoptotic Activities by Targeting Sphingosine Kinase 1 in Osteosarcoma

“…The primers specific for Sphk1 and GAPDH were synthesized with reference to the previously disclosed sequences (Liu et al, 2013). The PCR reaction was conducted using SYBR GREEN master-mix (Solarbio Co., Beijing, China), and the relative expression of SphK1 was calculated by the comparative ΔCt method (ABPrism software, Applied Biosystems) as previously described (Du et al, 2018).…”

Rumex japonicusHoutt.: A phytochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic review

“…PG (10 and 20 μm) could exert a significant inhibitory effect on lung cancer cell line A549 and H358 by activating cell cycle arrest at G 2 /M phase and inducing apoptosis through the regulation of protein expression of Caspase‐3. In another study, PG (20, 40, and 80 μg/mL) achieved similar effects on A549 lung cancer cell line through the regulations of protein expression of Bax, Bcl‐2, and Caspase‐7 in a dose‐time dependent manner (Du et al, ; Xie & Yang, ). Furthermore, the anti‐cervical cancer effect has been validated by in vivo studies as well.…”

Retraction Note to: Soyasapogenol B exhibits anti-growth and anti-metastatic activities in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

“…Figure 5F appears to contain two very similar images (case 1-low and case 2low) Figure 8D appears to be very similar to Fig. 3D in a different article ((Shen 2019), retracted) Figure 8E contains a number of images that appear to have been published previously in a number of unrelated publications, for instance (Liu and Yu 2018) (retracted), (Zou 2018;Du et al 2019;Wang et al 2018) Wang et al (2018) https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2018.04.006.…”