RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA TUG1 facilitates cell ovarian cancer progression through targeting MiR‐29b‐3p/MDM2 axis

Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most aggressive female cancers in the world. OC trends to be diagnosed at an advanced stage with abdominal metastasis. Our study explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of lncRNA on OC cell proliferation and migration. The expression of turine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in human OC tissues and cell lines was measured by qRT-PCR. OC cell proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion were measured by MTT assays, colony formation assays, and transwell assays in vitro. Furthermore, the nude mice xenograft model was established to determine the effects of TUG1 in vivo. The relationship between TUG1 and miR-29b-3p, as well as miR-29b-3p and MDM2 were identified using the luciferase reporter assays. We showed that the expression of TUG1 and MDM2 were significantly increased, but the expression of miR-29b-3p was remarkably decreased in OC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TUG1 strongly inhibited the ability of cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro. The relationship between TUG1 and miR-29b-3p, or miR-29b-3p and MDM2 were predicted by StarBase and miRanda online software. Besides, miR-29b-3p reversed the positive effect of TUG1 on the OC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through inhibiting MDM2 expression and increasing p53 phosphorylation level. Moreover, knockdown of TUG1 suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Taken all together, this study shows that TUG1 plays a crucial oncogenic role and facilitates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in OC through regulating miR-29b-3p/MDM2 axis.

LncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer Progression, Metastasis, and Main Pathways: ceRNA and Alternative Mechanisms

“…For the lncRNA TUG1 (taurine upregulated gene 1), the ceRNA mode of action was established in OvCa in four works published in 2020 [ 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 ]. In all these studies, TUG1 was upregulated in OvCa, and this oncogenic lncRNA was associated with cell migration, invasion, and metastasis ( Table 2 ).…”

“…These studies identified three regulatory axes associated with the progression of. Direct interactions in the axis TUG1/miR-29b-3p/MDM2 (mouse double minute 2 homolog: a proto-oncogene, encoding a nuclear-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase) [ 177 , 178 ] were confirmed by luciferase reporter and RIP assays. TUG1/miR-186-5p/ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1, EMT-related transcription factor) and TUG1/miR-1299/NOTCH3 (notch receptor 3) axes were also verified using luciferase reporter assays [ 179 , 180 ].…”

“…Besides, TUG1 was found to be a potential downstream target of NOTCH3, forming a miR-1299/NOTCH3/TUG1 feedback loop in the development of OvCa. Therefore, three axes were identified and involvement of TUG1 in proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo but, in addition, the participation of TUG1 in the increase in chemoresistance and stemness of OvCa cells and the formation of a feedback loop for the TUG1/miR-1299/NOTCH3 axis is shown in the cited works [ 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 ].…”

MiR-29b-3p Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Downregulating COL1A1 and COL5A1

“…Zhao et al suggested that miR-29b-3p might inhibit pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell migration, invasion, and endothelial dysfunction tube formation through inhibiting the expression of VGEFA, a well-known pro-cancerous gene (41). Subsequent studies supported that miR-29b-3p could suppress the growth of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer cells (42,43) along with the migratory and invasive abilities of liver carcinoma and esophageal cancer cells (44,45) and the progression of bladder cancer by inhibiting the proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of oncocytes (46). These discoveries indicate the common essential function of miR-29b-3p in tumor metastasis and proliferation.…”

Upregulation of lncRNA DQ679794 contributes to preventing the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo

“…Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been found in a variety of tumors, including HCC, and is associated with the proliferation, growth, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells [8,9]. lncRNAs that have been widely reported in HCC include MALAT1, H19, HULC and MEG3.…”