<i>Retracted:</i> Isolation and chemical structure characterization of enzymatic lignin from <i>Populus deltoides</i> wood

Abdulkhani, Ali; Karimi, A N; Mirshokraie, Ahmad; Hamzeh, Yahya; Marlin, Nathalie; Mortha, Gérard

doi:10.1002/app.32428

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Owing to the complicated physiochemical interactions between lignin and other components in plants, its isolation from lignocellulosic feedstock is one of the most challenging but crucial processes in the cost‐effective utilization of lignin to aromatic chemicals. A number of lignin fractionation approaches have been developed since the last century, such as steam explosion, alkali treatment, ionic liquid pretreatment, enzyme processes, and organosolv processes . Among the aforementioned options, alkaline twin‐screw extrusion (ATSE) and ionic liquid‐based mixed organic electrolytes pretreatment (ILOE) have gained much attention in the past few years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Extraction Methods on Structure and Valorization of Corn Stover Lignin by a Pd/C Catalyst

et al. 2017

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With the significant development of efficient pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass towards using carbohydrate compositions for biofuel production, the valorization of associated lignin products into valuable chemicals has gained much attention. Four lignins obtained by pretreatment of corn stover with emerging ionic liquid‐based mixed organic electrolytes (ILOE) and alkaline twin‐screw extrusion (ATSE) pretreatment technologies were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR, HSQC, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and SEM. These lignins were valorized by using Pd/C under various conditions, followed by an elucidation of the relationship between the lignin structure and valorization efficiency and selectivity. The pretreatment/separation methods have a significant effect on lignin structure and subsequent valorization efficiency. HSQC spectra revealed that corn stover lignin consisted of β‐O‐4, β‐5, β‐1 linkages, and cinnamyl alcohol end groups. The extracted lignins (EL) showed less carbohydrates and β‐O‐4 units than those of enzymatic hydrolytic lignins (EHL). The yields of bio‐oils were 61.7 % and 57.9 % for ATSE‐EL and ILOE‐EL, and 34.2 % and 45.1 % for ATSE‐EHL and ILOE‐EHL under optimal and comparative conditions, respectively. Part of the syringyl (S) units were converted into guaiacyl or p‐hydroxyphenyl (H) units by release of methoxyl groups on the aromatic ring through hydrogenolysis, which led to a decreased proportion of S units and an increased proportion of H units in oil compared with in lignin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Extraction Methods on Structure and Valorization of Corn Stover Lignin by a Pd/C Catalyst

et al. 2017

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“…Enzymatic lignin is the residue that is obtained from the degradation of wood through the catalytic action of enzymes. [ 41 ] Such type of lignin typically contains a certain amount of impurities, such as polysaccharides, but the preparation process is relatively straightforward.…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin‐Based Polyurethane: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

102

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Polyurethane (PU), as a polymer material with versatile product forms and excellent performance, is used in coatings, elastomers, adhesives, and foams widely. However, the raw materials (polyols and isocyanates) of PU are usually made using petroleum‐derived chemicals. With the concern for depletion of petroleum resources and the associated negative impact on the environment, developing technologies that can use renewable raw materials as feedstock has become a research hotspot. Lignin, as an abundant, natural, and renewable organic carbon resource, has been explored as raw material for making polyurethanes because it possesses rich hydroxyl groups on its surface. Meanwhile, compared to vegetable oils, lignin does not compete with food supply and performance of the resulting products is superior. Lignin or modified lignin has been shown to impart the polyurethane material with additional functionalities, such as UV‐blocking ability, hydrophobicity, and flame retardancy. However, the utilization of lignin has encountered some challenges, such as product isolation, heterogeneity, aggregation, steric hindrance, and low activity. This paper summarizes recent research progress on utilizing lignin and modified lignin for bio‐based polyurethane synthesis with a focus on elastomers and foams. Opportunities and challenges for application of the lignin‐based polyurethanes in various fields are also discussed.

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“…The pyrolysis products result from the primary decomposition of biomass followed by secondary reactions of condensable products into low molecular weight gases and char [30]. In general, large hydrocarbon molecules of biomass material are broken into smaller hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Biomass Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Insights into Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Critical Review on Pretreatment, Characterization, and Products Upgrading

et al. 2020

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Pyrolysis process has been considered to be an efficient approach for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil and value-added chemicals. Bio-oil refers to biomass pyrolysis liquid, which contains alkanes, aromatic compounds, phenol derivatives, and small amounts of ketone, ester, ether, amine, and alcohol. Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and sustainable energy resource for carbon that is readily available in the environment. This review article provides an outline of the pyrolysis process including pretreatment of biomass, pyrolysis mechanism, and process products upgrading. The pretreatment processes for biomass are reviewed including physical and chemical processes. In addition, the gaps in research and recommendations for improving the pretreatment processes are highlighted. Furthermore, the effect of feedstock characterization, operating parameters, and types of biomass on the performance of the pyrolysis process are explained. Recent progress in the identification of the mechanism of the pyrolysis process is addressed with some recommendations for future work. In addition, the article critically provides insight into process upgrading via several approaches specifically using catalytic upgrading. In spite of the current catalytic achievements of catalytic pyrolysis for providing high-quality bio-oil, the production yield has simultaneously dropped. This article explains the current drawbacks of catalytic approaches while suggesting alternative methodologies that could possibly improve the deoxygenation of bio-oil while maintaining high production yield.

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Retracted: Isolation and chemical structure characterization of enzymatic lignin from Populus deltoides wood

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of Extraction Methods on Structure and Valorization of Corn Stover Lignin by a Pd/C Catalyst

Effects of Extraction Methods on Structure and Valorization of Corn Stover Lignin by a Pd/C Catalyst

Lignin‐Based Polyurethane: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Recent Insights into Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis: A Critical Review on Pretreatment, Characterization, and Products Upgrading

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