<i>Relation of Age to Physiological Responses of the Older Boy (1017 Years) to Exercise</i>

Morse, Minerva; Schlutz, Frederic W.; Cassels, Donald E.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1949.1.10.683

Cited by 65 publications

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“…46 This is because children rely more heavily on aerobic metabolism as fuel when compared with adults. They also rely more heavily on lipid [46][47][48] and less on carbohydrate use for energy. 46,49 Children also recover more rapidly after exercise, 47,50 which may favor activities that are more aerobic in nature than those that are of a brief duration and/or of a higher intensity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also rely more heavily on lipid [46][47][48] and less on carbohydrate use for energy. 46,49 Children also recover more rapidly after exercise, 47,50 which may favor activities that are more aerobic in nature than those that are of a brief duration and/or of a higher intensity. 49,50 Secondly, the total muscle mass of children compared with their total body mass is almost 10% less than that of adults, 48,51 and their motor unit recruitment patterns differ during exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Tavares¹,

Bocchi²,

Neto³

et al. 2016

Medical Express

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The objective of the paper was to analyze cardiopulmonary data and functional capacity in healthy children who have undergone ergospirometry. A systematic meta-analysis review of ergospirometry in children was performed based on reports indexed in PubMed, Bireme, and Embase. End points were age, sex, body mass index, maturation evaluation, the type of ergometer used for ergospirometry, and cardiopulmonary related values (peak heart rate and peak oxygen consumption [VO 2 ]). Twenty articles were selected, which included 3,808 children, averaging 9.1years of age. A treadmill was used in 55% of the trials, and a cycle ergometer in the other 45% studies included in this analysis. The following statistically significant results were found: on subgroup analysis, peak VO 2 values in boys on the treadmill was 20% higher than peak VO 2 values in girls on the cycle ergometer; peak VO 2 values in boys on the treadmill were 18% greater than that for girls on the same ergometer. BMI was inversely correlated with peak VO 2 in the total analysis, and in female subjects on cycle ergometers. Peak heart rate during the ergospirometrical test was 5.6 BPM higher than the estimated 95% maximum heart rate. Most of the ergospirometrical parameters had not been reported in the original trials analyzed here. We conclude that peak VO 2 value for pre-pubertal children are circa 18% higher in boys vs. girls and overall higher in treadmill vs. cycle ergometers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Tavares¹,

Bocchi²,

Neto³

et al. 2016

Medical Express

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“…Subjects between 11 and 17 years of age were normal healthy boys 8 who came to the laboratory to participate in various tests for physical fitness. The results of most of these tests have been described earlier (2)(3)(4)(5). 8 We are indebted to the University of Chicago Settlement House, the Valentine Boys Club, the Hyde Park Neighborhood House and friends for their kindness and interest in sending these boys to the laboratory for the tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Blood Gases and Acid-Base Balance in Normal Children 1

Cassels¹,

Morse²

1953

J. Clin. Invest.

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Robinson (1) studied the effect of age on the arterial blood gases and the acid-base balance of normal males from 5 to 91 years of age. In addition to the well known increase in oxygen combining capacity which occurs during childhood and adolescence, Robinson found moderately lower mean values for hemoglobin saturation in adults above 40 years of age, and slightly higher mean values for arterial CO2 content and CO2 tension in adults as compared with children. In the case of the alkaline reserve, mean values varied between 21.2 and 22.2 millimols per liter for all age groups except the youngest. Robinson found unusually low values of alkaline reserve in children 4 to 6 years of age. The present study was undertaken to supplement the work of Robinson in the years of childhood and adolescence, in order to establish more firmly the range of variation that may be expected in healthy children, and to provide a basis for the study of arterial blood gases and acid base balance in disease. MATERIALThe subjects of the study were drawn from three sources:1. Children of 10 years and younger were of both sexes. They had been carefully selected from patients at Bobs Roberts Memorial Hospital as representing physiologically normal states at the time the blood samples were drawn. Breakfast was withheld and the child was kept in bed until after the sample was taken.2. Subjects between 11 and 17 years of age were normal healthy boys 8 who came to the laboratory to participate in various tests for physical fitness. The results of most of these tests have been described earlier (2-5).

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“…The laboratory based measurement of young people's aerobic fitness has been afforded a good deal of attention over the years with the first studies being conducted between 50 and 67 years ago (Astrand, 1952;Morse, Schlutz & Cassels, 1949;Robinson, 1938). These have since been supplemented by a number of cross sectional and longitudinal studies (Armstrong & Welsman, 1997;Armstrong & Van Mechelen, 1998).…”

Section: Laboratory Based Fitness Test Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of children’s fitness testing

Harris

Cale

2006

European Physical Education Review

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A review of literature on children's fitness testing formed part of a study exploring the feasibility of fitness testing children in order to promote their physical activity and health status. The review revealed that there is no empirical evidence to support concerns about low levels of fitness amongst children or a decline in children's fitness over time. Further, there is only weak evidence that physical fitness is related to children's current health although growing evidence that it may be related to future health. However, the measurement of children's fitness is problematic, given methodological limitations and the possible negative impact on some children. Additionally, the use of children's fitness test data to inform policy and practice is limited, and there is little evidence that large scale surveys on children's fitness have positively impacted on children's health, activity and fitness. Based on the review, recommendations are included for policy makers and practitioners which reflect the shift towards a stronger emphasis on physical activity within health promotion.

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Relation of Age to Physiological Responses of the Older Boy (1017 Years) to Exercise

Cited by 65 publications

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A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Arterial Blood Gases and Acid-Base Balance in Normal Children 1

A review of children’s fitness testing

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Relation of Age to Physiological Responses of the Older Boy (1017 Years) to Exercise

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

A meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in pre-pubertal healthy children produces new information

Arterial Blood Gases and Acid-Base Balance in Normal Children 1

A review of children’s fitness testing

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Relation of Age to Physiological Responses of the Older Boy (1017 Years) to Exercise