Reduced parasitism ofSirex noctilioin radiata pines inoculated with the nematodeBeddingia siricidicoladuring 1974–1989

Haugen, Dennis; Underdown, M. G.

doi:10.1080/00049158.1993.10674590

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Bedding and Akhurst (1974) indicated that D. siricidicola prefers moisture content of the wood to be 50% and higher for successful establishment. By contrast, Haugen and Underdown (1993) concluded that moisture content was not a major factor causing low levels of parasitism in P. radiata logs inoculated in Australia. The moisture content of these logs was in the range 33 -72%, with a mean of approximately 45%.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A loss of virulence of D. siricidicola was first detected during the Green Triangle outbreak in 1987 -90 ( Haugen and Underdown, 1993 ). This loss in virulence resulted from rearing the nematode in laboratory cultures for over 20 years without allowing it to go through a parasitic cycle ( Bedding and Iede, 2005 ).…”

Section: Parasitic Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The moisture content of these logs was in the range 33 -72%, with a mean of approximately 45%. However, preliminary studies in KwaZulu-Natal indicate that moisture content is as low as 15% in the top section of trees during inoculation, far lower than recommended by Bedding and Akhurst (1974) or tested by Haugen and Underdown (1993) . Inoculations in KwaZulu-Natal are carried out from March to July, and wasps begin to emerge in October.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The loss of virulence in D. siricidicola can be an important factor influencing the success of this biological control agent. Deladenus siricidicola could loose its ability to change to the parasitic form when reared in the laboratory for long periods, as was the case in the Green Triangle ( Haugen and Underdown, 1993;Bedding and Iede, 2005 ). To overcome this potential obstacle, nematodes are stored in liquid nitrogen and only reared for a short period in culture before release in the field.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

Hurley

Slippers

Wingfield

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

182

184

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1 Sirex noctilio has resulted in one of the most damaging biological invasions of pine forestry in the southern hemisphere. 2 An intensive, integrated control programme has been developed for this pest and is generally considered very successful. However, a critical comparison of S. noctilio infestations and control efforts throughout the southern hemisphere reveals that control has not been uniformly effective. Of particular concern is the apparently unexplained variability in establishment and success of biological control agents, including various parasitic wasps and the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola . 3 An overlooked aspect in the establishment of the biological control interventions for S. noctilio is the potential influence of genetic bottlenecks on the ability of the agents to adapt to different environments and different populations of S. noctilio . 4 Despite established biological control agents, stress in forests caused by silvicultural practices or the environment will predispose trees to heavy infestation. Unfortunately, improved silvicultural practices are not always economically feasible and environmental changes are often unavoidable. 5 Sirex noctilio continues to pose a serious threat to pine forestry in many areas.Despite extensive earlier research into a single integrated control for S. noctilio , it is important to recognize that such a strategy will probably require significant local adaptation in new areas of infestation and over time.

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Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Parasitic Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing Successful Establishment Of D Siricidicolamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

Hurley

Slippers

Wingfield

2007

Agri and Forest Entomology

182

184

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“…For example, in Australia, extensive inoculation programs in the 1980 s eventually failed when the nematode lost its virulence (Haugen 1990, Haugen andUnderdown 1993). The loss of virulence was resolved by introducing a newly isolated strain, Kamona, from Tasmania (Bedding and Iede 2005).…”

Section: Anthropogenic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

et al. 2011

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The influence of humans on ecosystem dynamics has been, and continues to be, profound. Anthropogenic effects are expected to amplify as human populations continue to increase. Concern over these effects has given rise to a large number of studies focusing on impacts of human activities on individual species or on biotic community structure and composition. Lacking are studies on interactions, particularly mutualisms. Because of the role of mutualisms in ecosystem stability, such studies are critically needed if we are to begin to better understand and predict the responses of ecosystems to anthropogenic change. Most organisms are involved in at least one mutualism, and many in several. Mutualisms facilitate the ability of partners to exploit particular habitats and resources, and play a large role in determining ecological boundaries. When change disrupts, enhances, or introduces new organisms into a mutualism, the outcome and stability of the original partnership(s) is altered as are effects of the symbiosis on the community and ecosystem as a whole. In this paper, using examples from six microbe-insect mutualisms in forest and savanna settings, we showcase how varied and complex the responses of mutualisms can be to an equally varied set of anthropogenic influences. We also show how alterations of mutualisms may ramify throughout affected systems. We stress that researchers must be cognizant that many observed changes in the behaviors, abundances, and distributions of organisms due to human activities are likely to be mediated by mutualists which may alter predictions and actual outcomes in significant ways.

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Sirex Woodwasp in Australia: Current Management Strategies, Research and Emerging Issues

Carnegie

Bashford

2011

The Sirex Woodwasp and Its Fungal Symbiont:

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Reduced parasitism ofSirex noctilioin radiata pines inoculated with the nematodeBeddingia siricidicoladuring 1974–1989

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere

Anthropogenic effects on interaction outcomes: examples from insect-microbial symbioses in forest and savanna ecosystems

Sirex Woodwasp in Australia: Current Management Strategies, Research and Emerging Issues

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