<i>RBMX</i> gene is essential for brain development in zebrafish

Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal; O’Sullivan, Lynda A.; Grutzner, F.; Onnebo, Sara M.N.; Lewis, Rowena S.; Delbridge, Margaret L.; Graves, Jennifer A. Marshall; Ward, Alister C.

doi:10.1002/dvdy.20432

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The human hnRNP-G gene is located on the X chromosome at Xq26 where several X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) syndromes have also been mapped to (Delbridge et al, 1999), suggesting a possible involvement of hnRNP-G in these mental disorders. In zebrafish, knockdown experiment of hnRNP-G by antisense morpholino indicated that hnRNP-G is required for normal embryonic development (Tsend-Ayush et al, 2005). Although current studies on the hnRNP-G protein subfamily have been focused on their function of pre-mRNA binding and splicing, other hnRNPs have already been identified as ssDNA/dsDNA-binding proteins.…”

Section: ) (B) Western Blots Were Performed To Verify the Overexprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and G inhibits the transcription of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone 1

Zhao

Korzan

Chen

et al. 2008

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) causes the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary to control reproduction. Here we report that two heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNP-A/B and hnRNP-G) bind to the GnRH-I upstream promoter region in a cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni. We identified these binding proteins using a newly developed homology based method of mass spectrometric peptide mapping. We show that both hnRNP-A/B and hnRNP-G colocalize with GnRH1 in the pre-optic area of the hypothalamus in the brain. We also demonstrated that these ribonucleoproteins exhibit similar binding capacity in vivo, using immortalized mouse GT1-7 cells where overexpression of either hnRNP-A/B or hnRNP-G significantly down-regulates GnRH1 mRNA levels in GT1-7 cells, suggesting that both act as repressors in GnRH1 transcriptional regulation.

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Section: ) (B) Western Blots Were Performed To Verify the Overexprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and G inhibits the transcription of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone 1

Zhao

Korzan

Chen

et al. 2008

Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience

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“…Even testis-specific genes that are conserved on the Y and contribute to male sex determination and fertility have widely expressed paralogues on the X from which they obviously diverged. For instance, the testis-specific spermatogenesis gene RBMY diverged from a ubiquitously expressed RBMX that may have functions in brain development (Delbridge et al 1999, Tsend-Ayush et al 2005, and TSPY (the putative gonadoblastoma gene) diverged from a widely expressed cell cycle gene TSPX (Delbridge et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex determination in platypus and echidna: autosomal location of SOX3 confirms the absence of SRY from monotremes

et al. 2007

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In eutherian ('placental') mammals, sex is determined by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome-borne gene SRY, which triggers testis determination. Marsupials also have a Y-borne SRY gene, implying that this mechanism is ancestral to therians, the SRY gene having diverged from its X-borne homologue SOX3 at least 180 million years ago. The rare exceptions have clearly lost and replaced the SRY mechanism recently. Other vertebrate classes have a variety of sex-determining mechanisms, but none shares the therian SRY-driven XX female:XY male system. In monotreme mammals (platypus and echidna), which branched from the therian lineage 210 million years ago, no orthologue of SRY has been found. In this study we show that its partner SOX3 is autosomal in platypus and echidna, mapping among human X chromosome orthologues to platypus chromosome 6, and to the homologous chromosome 16 in echidna. The autosomal localization of SOX3 in monotreme mammals, as well as non-mammal vertebrates, implies that SRY is absent in Prototheria and evolved later in the therian lineage 210-180 million years ago. Sex determination in platypus and echidna must therefore depend on another male-determining gene(s) on the Y chromosomes, or on the different dosage of a gene(s) on the X chromosomes.

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“…However, our attempts to clone its homologue from the tammar wallaby and the dunnart revealed a homologue on the marsupial X chromosome, and we soon found that the human X, too, contained a copy of this RBMX gene. This gene, expressed in brain and germ cells, is highly conserved throughout vertebrates and critical for brain development in zebrafish (Tsend-Ayush et al 2005). It is clearly the ancestor of RBMY.…”

Section: Kangaroos and Y Chromosome Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Australian mammals contributed to our understanding of sex determination and sex chromosomes

Graves

2016

Aust. J. Zool.

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Abstract. Marsupials and monotremes can be thought of as independent experiments in mammalian evolution. The discovery of the human male-determining gene, SRY, how it works, how it evolved and defined our sex chromosomes, well illustrates the value of comparing distantly related animals and the folly of relying on humans and mice for an understanding of the most fundamental aspects of mammalian biology. The 25th anniversary of the discovery of SRY seems a good time to review the contributions of Australian mammals to these discoveries.The discovery of the mammalian sex determining gene, SRY, was a milestone in the history of human genetics. SRY opened up investigations into the pathway by which the genital ridge (bipotential gonad) becomes a testis. Studies of Australian mammals were important in the story of the discovery of SRY, not only in refuting the qualifications of the first candidate sex-determining gene, but also in confirming the ubiquity of SRY and raising questions as to how it works. Studies in marsupials also led to understanding of how SRY evolved from a gene on an autosome with functions in the brain and germ cells, and to identifying the ancestors of other genes on the human Y. The discovery that platypus have sex chromosomes homologous, not to the human XY, but to the bird ZW, dated the origin of the therian SRY and the XY chromosomes it defined. This led to important new models of how our sex chromosomes function, how they evolved, and what might befall this gene and the Y chromosome it defines.

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RBMX gene is essential for brain development in zebrafish

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and G inhibits the transcription of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone 1

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B and G inhibits the transcription of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone 1

Sex determination in platypus and echidna: autosomal location of SOX3 confirms the absence of SRY from monotremes

How Australian mammals contributed to our understanding of sex determination and sex chromosomes

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