Radiation Chemistry of Monomers, Polymers, and Plastics

Gamma Radiation as a Novel Technology for Development of New Generation Concrete

“…Polyester isophthalic resins dissolved in 36% by weight styrene were irradiated at six different doses (from 5.5 to 33.3 kGy) with a ratio dose of 4.1 kGy [Woods & Pikaev, 1994]. Several results were found.…”

“…The ionizing radiation is no selective and may interact with any molecule in its path and raise it to any of its possible ionized and/or excited states ( Figure 1). The heterogeneity of the latter type of reaction is especially marked in the liquid and solid state [Wilson, 1974]. There are two main types of radiation sources: a) radio isotopes, and b) devices such as Xrays tubes and electron accelerators.…”

“…Ionizing radiation comes from substances undergoing nuclear transformations, from outer space in the form of cosmic rays and from particles accelerators. It includes , , and  rays from radioactive nuclei, charged particles such as protons and deuterons and X-rays of wavelength less than approximately 250 Å [Wilson, 1974 ].…”

“…There are two main types of radiation sources: a) radio isotopes, and b) devices such as Xrays tubes and electron accelerators. The isotope most frequently used as radiation source is 60 Co, mainly because of its advantageous properties: availability, high energy gamma-rays, 5.3-year half live [Wilson, 1974].…”

Electron-Beam Curing of Acrylate/Nanoparticle Impregnated Wood Products

“…The process utilizes ionizing irradiation in the form of accelerated electrons that interact with matter by transferring energy to the electrons orbiting the atomic nuclei of the target materials. These electrons may then be either released from atoms, yielding positively charged ions and free electrons, or moved to a higher-energy atomic orbital, yielding an excited atom or molecule (free radical) (Wilson 1974). These ions, electrons, and excited species are the precursors of any chemical changes observed in an irradiated material.…”