Pulicaria undulata Extract-Mediated Eco-Friendly Preparation of TiO₂ Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange

Abstract

Eco-friendly approaches for the preparation of nanomaterials have recently attracted considerable attention of scientific community due to rising environmental distresses. The aim of the current study is to prepare titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) using an eco-friendly approach and investigate their performance for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous organic dyes. For this, TiO 2 NPs were prepared by using the aqueous extract of the Pulicaria undulata (L.) plant in a single step at room temperature. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy established the presence of both titanium and oxygen in the sample. X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of crystalline, anatase-phase TiO 2 NPs. On the other hand, transmission election microscopy confirmed the formation of spherical shaped NPs. The presence of residual phytomolecules as capping/stabilization agents is confirmed by UV−vis analysis and Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy. Indeed, in the presence of P. undulata, the anatase phase of TiO 2 is stabilized at a significantly lower temperature (100 °C) without using any external stabilizing agent. The green synthesized TiO 2 NPs were used to investigate their potential for the photocatalytic degradation of hazardous organic dyes including methylene blue and methyl orange under UV−visible light irradiation. Due to the small size and high dispersion of NPs, almost complete degradation (∼95%) was achieved in a short period of time (between 1 and 2 h). No significant difference in the photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 NPs was observed even after repeated use (three times) of the photocatalyst. Overall, the green synthesized TiO 2 NPs exhibited considerable potential for fast and eco-friendly removal of harmful organic dyes.

Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanocatalyst and their Antibacterial and Organic Pollutants Reduction Ability

“…As a result, the −NH 2 group molecule produced during the reduction reaction of MO dye was ascribed to the new peak appearance at 252 nm with an increase in intensity. 47 It has been already reported that AgNPs minimize MO dye at the azo linkage in the presence of sodium borohydride and provoke free amino group hydrazine derivative, low molecular compounds, 48,49 as demonstrated in Scheme 1.…”

Biogenic Photo-Catalyst TiO2 Nanoparticles for Remediation of Environment Pollutants

“…Al-hamoud et al (2022) reported phytomolecule functional groups present (3425, 2917, 2849, 1630, 1070, and 625 cm –1 , respectively) in the Pulicaria undulata plant extract. 24 The FT-IR spectrum of TDO NPs3 at 300 °C is shown in Figure 3 B, with the absorption band at 3321.25 cm –1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of the −OH group, the peak at 1639.13 cm –1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of alkene (−C=C−), and the band at 423.25 cm –1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of titanium metal and oxygen (Ti–O) bonds.…”

“…The flexural vibration of aliphatic carbon and hydrogen is responsible for the peak at 720.44 cm −1 (−C−H). Al-hamoud et al (2022) reported phytomolecule functional groups present (3425, 2917, 2849, 1630, 1070, and 625 cm −1 , respectively) in the Pulicaria undulata plant extract 24. The FT-IR spectrum of TDO NPs3 at 300 °C is shown in Figure3B, with the absorption band at 3321.25 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of the −OH group, the peak at 1639.13 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of alkene (−C� C−), and the band at 423.25 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of titanium metal and oxygen (Ti−O) bonds.Our current findings are consistent with those of FT-IR bands (34246, 3430, 1642, 1529, 1450, 1134, 1168, 1092, and 469 cm −1 ) of TiO 2 -supported biochar reported by Abodif et al…”

Photocatalytic Activity Induced by Metal Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sustainable Approaches: A Comprehensive Review

“…Pulicaria undulata extract-mediated eco-friendly synthesis of TiO 2 has been reported by Khaleel Al-hamoud et al (Al-hamoud et al, 2022). They were tested for the degradation of MB and MO under UV-vis light irradiation.…”