<i>PT</i>
            -symmetric quantum electrodynamics and unitarity

Milton, Kimball A.; Abalo, E. K.; Parashar, Prachi; Pourtolami, Nima; Wagner, Jef

doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0057

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other work examined extended electrodynamics or the effects of relaxing the Lorenz gauge: Fock and Podolsky [53] [82,83] in 2019; and Haralick [84] in 2018. Other recent works are relevant [85][86][87][88][89]. This paragraph and the previous paragraph cite 30 independent works that are indicative of the importance of EED.…”

Section: Derivation Of the Form For The Scalar Fieldmentioning

confidence: 90%

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Reed

Hively

2020

Symmetry

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Recent tests measured an irrotational (curl-free) magnetic vector potential (A) that is contrary to classical electrodynamics (CED). A (irrotational) arises in extended electrodynamics (EED) that is derivable from the Stueckelberg Lagrangian. A (irrotational) implies an irrotational (gradient-driven) electrical current density, J. Consequently, EED is gauge-free and provably unique. EED predicts a scalar field that equals the quantity usually set to zero as the Lorenz gauge, making A and the scalar potential () independent and physically-measureable fields. EED predicts a scalar-longitudinal wave (SLW) that has an electric field along the direction of propagation together with the scalar field, carrying both energy and momentum. EED also predicts the scalar wave (SW) that carries energy without momentum. EED predicts that the SLW and SW are unconstrained by the skin effect, because neither wave has a magnetic field that generates dissipative eddy currents in electrical conductors. The novel concept of a “gradient-driven” current is a key feature of US Patent 9,306,527 that disclosed antennas for SLW generation and reception. Preliminary experiments have validated the SLW’s no-skin-effect constraint as a potential harbinger of new technologies, a possible explanation for poorly understood laboratory and astrophysical phenomena, and a forerunner of paradigm revolutions.

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Section: Derivation Of the Form For The Scalar Fieldmentioning

confidence: 90%

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Reed

Hively

2020

Symmetry

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“…Besides bosonic theories also generalizations to non-Hermitian fermion theories such as a free fermion theory with a γ 5mass term or the massive Thirring model have been proposed [17]. PT -symmetric versions of quantum electrodynamics have been studied [18,19] as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goldstone bosons in different PT-regimes of non-Hermitian scalar quantum field theories

Fring

Taira

2020

Nuclear Physics B

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We study the interplay between spontaneously breaking global continuous and discrete antilinear symmetries in a newly proposed general class of non-Hermitian quantum field theories containing a mixture of complex and real scalar fields. We analyse the model for different types of global symmetry preserving and breaking vacua. In addition, the models are symmetric under various types of discrete antilinear symmetries composed out of nonstandard simultaneous charge conjugations, time-reversals and parity transformations; CPT. While the global symmetry governs the existence of massless Goldstone bosons, the discrete one controls the precise expression of the Goldstone bosons in terms of the original fields in the model and its physical regimes. We show that even when the CPT-symmetries are broken on the level of the action expanded around different types of vacua, the mass spectra might still be real when the symmetry is preserved at the tree approximation and the breaking only occurs at higher order. We discuss the parameter space of some of the models in the proposed class and identify physical regimes in which massless Goldstone bosons emerge when the vacuum spontaneously breaks the global symmetry or equivalently when the corresponding Noether currents are conserved. The physical regions are bounded by exceptional points in different ways. There exist special points in parameter space for which massless bosons may occur already before breaking the global symmetry. However, when the global symmetry is broken at these points they can no longer be distinguished from genuine Goldstone bosons.

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“…The extension from quantum field theories with Hermitian actions to those with a non-Hermitian actions has been addressed recently for various concrete systems, such as scalar field theory with imaginary cubic self-interaction terms [1,2], field theoretical analogues to the deformed harmonic oscillator [3], non-Hermitian versions with a field theoretic Yukawa interaction [4,5,6,7], free fermion theory with a γ 5 -mass term and the massive Thirring model [8], PT -symmetric versions of quantum electrodynamics [9,10] and PT -symmetric quantum field theories in higher dimensions [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-Hermitian approach to Goldstone’s theorem in non-Abelian non-Hermitian quantum field theories

Fring

Taira

2020

Phys. Rev. D

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We generalise previous studies on the extension of Goldstone's theorem from Hermitian to non-Hermitian quantum field theories with Abelian symmetries to theories possessing a glocal non-Abelian symmetry. We present a detailed analysis for a non-Hermitian field theory with two complex two component scalar fields possessing a SU(2)symmetry and indicate how our finding extend to the general case. In the PT-symmetric regime and at the standard exceptional point the Goldstone theorem is shown to apply, although different identification procedures need to be employed. At the zero exceptional points the Goldstone boson can not be identified. Comparing our approach, based on the pseudo-Hermiticity of the model, to an alternative approach that utilises surface terms to achieve compatibility for the non-Hermitian system, we find that the explicit forms of the Goldstone boson fields are different.

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PT -symmetric quantum electrodynamics and unitarity

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Implications of Gauge-Free Extended Electrodynamics

Goldstone bosons in different PT-regimes of non-Hermitian scalar quantum field theories

Pseudo-Hermitian approach to Goldstone’s theorem in non-Abelian non-Hermitian quantum field theories

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