Pseudonocardia

Abstract

Pseu.do.no.car'di.a. Gr. adj. pseudês false; N.L. fem. n. Nocardia a bacterial genus name; N.L. fem. n. Pseudonocardia the false Nocardia . Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Pseudonocardiales / Pseudonocardiaceae / Pseudonocardia Aerobic , Gram‐stain‐positive , non‐acid‐fast , nonmotile , catalase‐positive , actinomycetes which form branched substrate hyphae that may fragment into rod‐shaped elements . Hyphae vary in thickness and in the degree of branching. Aerial hyphae, when formed, may be sterile, fragmented into chains of oval or squarish elements, or into chains of two or more spores. Substrate and aerial hyphae may exhibit cell division in different directions with a tendency to form apical or intercalary swellings . Spores are usually smooth and are produced on the substrate and / or aerial mycelium by acropetal budding and / or by basipetal septation ( fragmentation ), or else are formed in longitudinal pairs on vegetative hyphae and singly or in longitudinal pairs on aerial hyphae . In some species , the mycelium is covered by an electrondense outer layer . Grows on a variety of organic and synthetic media. Some species are facultative autotrophs. Cell wall contains meso ‐diaminopimelic acid ( meso ‐ A2pm ), arabinose , and galactose . The major menaquinone is MK‐8 ( H 4 ) and the predominant fatty acid is iso‐branched hexadecanoic acid . Mycolic acids are absent . The polar lipid profile, which varies between species, may include any of the following: phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, and glucosamine‐containing phospholipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence contains two unique regions which correspond to nucleotide positions 179–219 and 813–833 of the Streptomyces ambofaciens 16S rRNA gene (Pernodet et al., 1989). The phylogenetic position of Pseudonocardia , as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, is in the family Pseudonocardiaceae . DNA G + C content ( mol %): 68–79 (HPLC, T m ). Type species : Pseudonocardia thermophila Henssen 1957, 408 AL .

Biogeographic Comparison of Lophelia-Associated Bacterial Communities in the Western Atlantic Reveals Conserved Core Microbiome

“…A second Novosphingobium OTU and three OTUs from the genus Pseudonocardia are the next most prominent taxa. This is striking given that both these bacterial genera are known for their ability to degrade aromatic compounds including hydrocarbons (Notomista et al, 2011; Huang and Goodfellow, 2012). Also present at lower relative abundance were three OTUs that could not be classified, and one OTU each of Alteromonadales, Enterobacteriaceae, and genera Bradyrhizobium , Curtobacterium , Kaistobacter , Propionibacterium , and Sphingomonas ( Figure 6 ).…”

“…This translated to Gulf samples containing a higher proportion of the conserved total core, including Novosphingobium and Pseudonocardia OTUs compared to the Atlantic ( Figures 6 , 7 ). Both these genera are known to be able to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., Notomista et al, 2011; Huang and Goodfellow, 2012). We acknowledge that aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in general are virtually ubiquitous (e.g., Hazen et al, 2010; Kostka et al, 2011; Ghosal et al, 2016) and their presence is not necessarily specifically related to the presence of hydrocarbons (although presence of hydrocarbons can enrich for degraders; Hazen et al, 2010).…”

Stable Carbon Isotope Depletions in Lipid Biomarkers Suggest Subsurface Carbon Fixation in Lava Caves

“…Other Actinobacteria, such as the uncultured T3 lineage, are capable of CO 2 fixation via nitrate‐dependent iron oxidation (Kanaparthi et al., 2013). The predominant FAs produced by Pseudonocardia strains tend to be i ‐C 15:0 and i ‐C 16:0 (Huang & Goodfellow, 2015), which are some of the most abundant and 13 C‐depleted FAs we observe in biofilms (Figures 5 and 7).…”

Pseudonocardia acidicola sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from peat swamp forest soil

“…They form well-developed branched aerial and substrate hyphae. Spore surfaces are normally smooth and may formed on substrate and/or aerial mycelium by acropetal budding or basipetal septation [3]. They have a chemotype IV cell wall that contains meso -diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose, but lacks mycolic acids [4].…”

“…They have a chemotype IV cell wall that contains meso -diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose, but lacks mycolic acids [4]. The predominant menaquinone is MK-8(H 4 ) and the major fatty acid is iso-branched hexadecanoic acid [3]. In this study, strain K10HN5 T was recovered from peat swamp soil.…”