Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from clinical and environmental samples in Buea, Cameroon: current status on biotyping and antibiogram

Abstract

Summaryobjective The 1 study was aimed at determining the prevalent biotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment of Buea and the susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics.methods One hundred and fifty clinical specimens (urine, wound and sputum) collected from patients attending various health institutions in Buea, and 50 environmental swabs from furniture, appliances and surroundings of these institutions were screened for P. aeruginosa using standard microbiological and biochemical methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined by the disc diffusion assay.results Fifty-one (25.5%) of the 200 specimens were positive for the organism with urine (30%) being the most common source of isolation. Biochemical characterization grouped the isolates into eight biotypes with biotypes B III (25.59%), B II (23.53%) and B I (21.57%) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial susceptibility results of isolates revealed 13 antibiotype patterns based on resistance to the antimicrobial agents investigated. The resistance pattern, cefotaxime, gentamicin and tetracycline (CTX R GEN R TET R ) was the most common (21.6%) amongst the isolates. Over 40% of the isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance to five or more antibiotics, especially environmental isolates. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the susceptibility of isolates to ciprofloxacin (98%), amikacin (90.2%) and netilmicin (80.4%) compared with other drugs used in the study.conclusion A combination of biotyping and antibiogram, which are relatively cheap and routinely available methods in our environment, could be useful for clinical and epidemiological studies particularly in laboratories in the developing world with limited resources.

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and hospital environmental samples in Nasiriyah, Iraq

“…The bacterium can cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients such as those with surgery wounds or severe burns (Sule et al, 2002;Dale et al, 2004). Result of this study showed that the prevalence of P. aeruginosa was 20.42% (29/142) among all the samples for patients and hospital environment, which is less than that reported in other studies; (39.1%) to that obtained by Okon et al (2009) from wound swabs in Nigeria and 25.5% was reported in Cameron (Ndip et al, 2005). But these results were higher than 17.85% recorded in the teaching hospital of Al-Sulaimania city, Iraq (Ekrem et al, 2014) and 18.6% reported in Egypt (Gad et al, 2007).…”

Antibacterial effects of some Cameroonian medicinal plants against common pathogenic bacteria

“…Two isolates of each bacterial species (both gram positive and gram negative) were obtained from different clinical specimens from health centres within the study area by standard culture techniques and further identified by biochemical techniques using API 20E (BioMerieux SA) kit as described (Ndip et al, 2005).The isolates were maintained during the study period by subculturing every 48 hours on nutrient agar. The required suspension of bacteria was prepared equivalent to McFarland standard 1 (1x10 8 CFUs/ml) in 0.85% NaCl ( aq ) and crosschecked and adjusted by the standard plate count method (Black, 1996).…”

Phenotypic Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates from Food-animals and Abattoir Drains in Buea, Cameroon

“…The Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion test, which conforms to the recommended standard of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), was used as previously described (15,25). Briefly, a small inoculum of each pure bacterial isolate was emulsified in 3 mL of sterile normal saline in Bijou bottles, and the density was com-pared with a barium chloride standard (0.5 McFarland).…”

“…Zhou et al employed biotyping as an effective means to the investigation and surveillance of S. Typhimurium-associated nosocomial infection (14); their findings demonstrated a link between infection in children and bacteria in hospital environments and carriers of medical staff. In the present study, we employed biotyping and antibiogram previously reported in our laboratory (15) as they offer advantages to smaller laboratories, such as ours, which are not optimally equipped.…”

“…However, a dearth of information exists on non-typhoidal Salmonella in most parts of Cameroon, including Buea (21). This study was, therefore, carried out to determine the role major food-animals (cattle and pigs) play as reservoirs of S. Typhimurium and also to study the susceptibility of isolates to antibiotics as drug resistance constitutes a serious health concern in this locality (15). This information will be important for obtaining epidemiological insight and for determining appropriate, empirical antimicrobial therapy in both human and veterinary medicines.…”