<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in swimming pools

Hashish, Nada Mahmoud Aboulfotoh; Abbass, Aleya Abdel Gawad; Amine, Amira

doi:10.1080/23311843.2017.1328841

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…P. aeruginosa was detected more frequently in freshwater pools (2.8%) than in seawater pools (1.4%) [53]. It was also found that the percentage of P. aeruginosa-positive samples was slightly higher in outdoor pools than in indoor pools (4.9% and 4.5%, respectively), which was also found in previous studies where the difference between these two types of pools was even greater [44,46,47]. However, the concentration of P. aeruginosa was higher in indoor pools (mean 269.6 ± 607 CFU/100 mL; median 8 CFU/100 mL, IQR 8-59 CFU/100 mL) than in outdoor pools (mean 172.9 ± 549 CFU/100 mL; median 5 CFU/100 mL, IQR 5-32 CFU/100 mL), Figure 6a,b.…”

Section: Drinking Water Legislationsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Lušić

Maestro²,

Cenov³

et al. 2021

Environments

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Considering the fact that water is a basic need of every living being, it is important to ensure its safety. In this work, the data on the presence of the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa in drinking water (n = 4171) as well as in pool water (n = 5059) in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in Croatia in the five-year period (2016–2020) were analysed. In addition, the national criteria were compared with those of neighboring countries and worldwide. The proportion of P. aeruginosa-positive samples was similar for drinking water (3.9%) and pool water (4.6%). The prevalence of this bacterium was most pronounced in the warmer season. P. aeruginosa-positive drinking water samples were mostly collected during building commissioning, while pool samples were from entertainment and spa/hydromassage pools. Outdoor pools showed a higher percentage of positive samples than indoor pools, as well as the pools filled with freshwater rather than seawater. The highest P. aeruginosa load was found in rehabilitation pools. Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro are countries that have included P. aeruginosa in their national regulations as an indicator of the safety of water for human consumption as well as for bottled water, while Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina have limited this requirement to bottled water only. In the case of swimming pool water, this parameter is mandatory in all countries considered in this study.

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Section: Drinking Water Legislationsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The results of P. aeruginosa monitoring in swimming pool water were very different in the different studies. For example, the percentage of positive samples for P. aeruginosa was 0% and 63.6% in Iran [43,44], 3.3% and 21.7% in Egypt [45,46], 19.1% in Italy [47], 38% in Northern Ireland [48] and 69.2% in China [49].…”

Section: Drinking Water Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Lušić

Maestro²,

Cenov³

et al. 2021

Environments

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“…P. aeruginosa was used as the target microorganism because of its frequent occurrence and pathogenicity in the environment. − The culturability, membrane integrity, and metabolic activity of P. aeruginosa after UV/chlorine disinfection were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the UV/Chlorine Process in the Disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanism

Wang

Guo

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

122

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UV irradiation and chlorination have been widely used for water disinfection. However, there are some limitations, such as the risk of generating viable but nonculturable bacteria and bacteria reactivation when using UV irradiation or chlorination alone. This study comprehensively evaluated the feasibility of the UV/chlorine process in drinking water disinfection, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was selected as the target microorganism. The number of culturable cells was effectively reduced by more than 5 orders of magnitude (5-log 10 ) after UV, chlorine, and UV/chlorine treatments. However, intact and VBNC cells were detected at 10 3 to 10 4 cells/mL after UV and chlorine treatments, whereas they were undetectable after UV/chlorine treatment due to the primary contribution of reactive chlorine species (Cl • , Cl 2•− , and ClO • ). After UV/chlorine treatment, the metabolic activity determined using single cell Raman spectroscopy was much lower than that after UV. The level of toxic opr gene in P. aeruginosa decreased by more than 99% after UV/chlorine treatment. Importantly, bacterial dark reactivation was completely suppressed by UV/chlorine treatment but not UV or chlorination. This study suggests that the UV/chlorine treatment can completely damage bacteria and is promising for pathogen inactivation to overcome the limitations of UV and chlorine treatments alone.

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“…Due to the possibility of rapid spreading of diseases in the pool water environment, the decisive role in the assessment of its quality is played by the results of microbiological tests and the evaluation of the sanitary state of the facility (Masoud et al 2016 ; Aboulfotoh Hashish et al 2017 ; Wei et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products

Wyczarska-Kokot

Lempart

Dudziak

et al. 2020

Environ Monit Assess

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Recommendations regarding disinfection by-products (DBPs) in pool waters consider the content of trihalomethanes (THMs) and combined chlorine (CC) as indicators of DBPs based on which the health risk for swimmers and staff of pool facility can be determined. However, the content of DBPs in swimming pools depends on many factors. In this paper, the influence of selected factors (physicochemical parameters of water and technological parameters) on the content of THMs and CC in pool water was determined. During the 6-month period, 9 pools of various functions were analyzed. The water in pools was subjected to the same method of treatment. The content of THMs and CC was compared against the content of organic matter, free chlorine and nitrates, pH, temperature, redox potential and turbidity, technological, and operational parameters. The THM content did not exceed the limit value of 0.1 mg/L. The content of CC varied significantly, from 0.05 to 1.13 mg Cl2/L. It was found that a very large water volume per person, in comparison to a very small one, contributed to the low content of CC and THMs. The high load expressed as m3 of water per person or m2 of water per person and the specific function of hot tubs (HT1 and HT2) led to the average concentration of CC in these pools exceeding 0.3 mg Cl2/L. The THM concentrations in hot tubs (especially in HT1) were also among the largest (0.038–0.058 mg/L). In terms of the analyzed microbiological indicators, the quality of the tested pool water samples was not in doubt. It was found that the purpose of the pool, its volume, and number of swimmers should be the key parameters that determine the choice of methods of water treatment. The research on the pool water quality in the actual working conditions of swimming pool facilities is necessary due to the need to preserve the health safety of swimmers and staff.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa in swimming pools

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Occurrence of P. aeruginosa in Water Intended for Human Consumption and in Swimming Pool Water

Assessment of the UV/Chlorine Process in the Disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Efficiency and Mechanism

Impact of swimming pool water treatment system factors on the content of selected disinfection by-products

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