<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: Diseases, Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance

Al-Dahmoshi, Hussein O. M.; Al-Obaidi, Raad D.; Al-Khafaji, Noor S. K.

doi:10.5772/intechopen.95251

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Then, the organism invades the large intestine epithelial cells and produces cramps, fever, tenesmus and bloody diarrhoea. At this phase, S. dysenteriae type 1 is isolated from the stool culture of more than 50% of the cases [79][80][81]. As a Shigatoxin-producing strain, S. dysenteriae type 1 mainly causes haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in patients.…”

Section: Dysenteriae Shigella Species Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Pakbin

Brück²,

Brück

2023

IJMS

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Shigella species are the main cause of bacillary diarrhoea or shigellosis in humans. These organisms are the inhabitants of the human intestinal tract; however, they are one of the main concerns in public health in both developed and developing countries. In this study, we reviewed and summarised the previous studies and recent advances in molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Shigella Dysenteriae and non-Dysenteriae species. Regarding the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and the presence of virulence factor encoding genes in Shigella strains, species of this bacteria are categorised into Dysenteriae and non-Dysenteriae clinical groups. Shigella species uses attachment, invasion, intracellular motility, toxin secretion and host cell interruption mechanisms, causing mild diarrhoea, haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome diseases in humans through the expression of effector delivery systems, protein effectors, toxins, host cell immune system evasion and iron uptake genes. The investigation of these genes and molecular mechanisms can help us to develop and design new methods to detect and differentiate these organisms in food and clinical samples and determine appropriate strategies to prevent and treat the intestinal and extraintestinal infections caused by these enteric pathogens.

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Section: Dysenteriae Shigella Species Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Pakbin

Brück²,

Brück

2023

IJMS

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“…However, Tβ-4 a variety of marine creatures have been shown to possess direct antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral action, clearly demonstrating their role as AMPs in the innate immune response of the host and the potential for development as antimicrobial agents 134,[157][158][159] . For example, derivatives of Tβ-4 from P. lividus were shown to be effective against biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa [140][141][142]160 , which are associated with multiple infections that are recalcitrant to conventional antibiotics 161,162 .…”

Section: Amps From Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Peptides with pH-Dependent Activity and Alkaline Optima: Their Origins, Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications

Phoenix

Harris

Dennison

2021

CPPS

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: A number of disorders and diseases are associated with conditions of high pH and many conventional antibiotics lose their efficacy under these pH conditions, generating a need for novel antimicrobials, and a potential solution to fulfil this need is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with high pH optima. This review shows that a variety of anionic and cationic AMPs with this pH dependency are produced by creatures across the eukaryotic kingdom, including humans, rabbits, cattle, sheep, fish and frogs. These AMPs exhibit activity against viruses, bacteria and fungi that involves membrane interactions and appear to be facilitated by a variety of mechanisms that generally promote passage across membranes to attack intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesis, and / or membrane lysis. Some of these mechanisms are unknown but those elucidated include the use of bacterial pores and transporters, the self-promoted uptake pathway and established models of membrane interaction, such as the carpet mechanism, toroidal pore formation, the adoption of tilted peptide and the SHM model. A variety of potential roles have been proposed for these AMPs, including use as antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, adjuvants to antimicrobial therapy, biomarkers of disease and probes for pathogenic microbes. In this review, these properties are described and discussed, with an emphasis on the antimicrobial mechanisms used by these AMPs and the pH dependency of these mechanisms.

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“…Shigella spp. are Gram-negative and facultative anaerobic bacteria that can easily spread from one person to another and cause an enteric infection called shigellosis or bacillary dysentery [1]. Species of Shigella that are responsible for pathogenic diarrhoea include Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Shigellosis Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Extracts from Diospyros gilletii Stem Bark

Nguelo Talla,

Madiesse Kemgne,

Ngouana

et al. 2024

DDC

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Shigellosis is a pathological condition that affects the digestive system and possibly causes diarrhoea. Shigella species, which are responsible for this disease, are highly contagious and spread through contaminated food and water. The increasing development of resistance by Shigella species necessitates the urgent need to search for new therapies against diarrhoea-causing shigellosis. The scientific validation of medicinal plants, such as Diospyros gilletii, which is used for the traditional treatment of diarrhoeal conditions is worthwhile. The present study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of extracts from D. gilletii against selected Shigella species. Extracts from D. gilletii stem bark were prepared by maceration using various solvents. The antibacterial activity of D. gilletii extracts was evaluated in Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei using a microdilution method, whereas a cytotoxicity test was performed on Vero and Raw cells using resazurin-based colorimetric assays. Bacterial membrane-permeability studies were evaluated using propidium iodide (PI)- and 1-N-phenyl-naphthylamine (NPN)-uptake assays, whereas inhibition and eradication tests on bacterial biofilms were carried out by spectrophotometry. As a result, methanol, ethanol and hydroethanol (water: ethanol; 30:70, v/v) extracts of D. gilletii inhibited the growth of S. boydii, S. flexneri and S. sonnei, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 125 to 500 µg/mL, without toxicity to Vero and Raw cells. Time-kill kinetics revealed bactericidal orientation at 2 MIC and 4 MIC and a bacteriostatic outcome at 1/2 MIC. The mechanistic basis of antibacterial action revealed that D. gilletii extracts inhibited and eradicated Shigella biofilms and promoted the accumulation of NPN and PI within the inner and outer membranes of bacteria to increase membrane permeability, thereby causing membrane damage. This novel contribution toward the antibacterial mechanisms of action of D. gilletii extracts against Shigella species substantiates the use of this plant in the traditional treatment of infectious diarrhoea.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Diseases, Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance

Cited by 7 publications

References 63 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Molecular Mechanisms of Shigella Pathogenesis; Recent Advances

Antimicrobial Peptides with pH-Dependent Activity and Alkaline Optima: Their Origins, Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications

Anti-Shigellosis Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Extracts from Diospyros gilletii Stem Bark

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