<i>Pristiphora geniculata</i>
            (Hartig), mountain ash sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae).

West, Roy; Dixon, Peggy L.; Quednau, F. W.; Lim, K. P.; Mason, Peter G.; Huber, John

doi:10.1079/9780851995274.0228

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Two egg parasitoids of European gypsy moth were released in Ontario from New Jersey during 1976 and 1980 (Griffiths and Quednau 1984). Successful introductions of Olesicampe geniculatae Quednau and Lim (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were made from Europe into Québec for control of the non-native mountain ash sawfly, Pristophora geniculata (Hartig) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) (Quednau 1990), and this agent was subsequently relocated to Newfoundland during the mid-1970s (West et al 1994(West et al , 2002a. Four species of parasitoids from Europe and Japan were introduced into British Columbia between 1969 and 1980 against the non-native larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), and two of these were later relocated from Montana to British Columbia (Otvos and Quednau 1984).…”

Section: The Declining Era: 1970-2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of biological control in Canadian forests, 1882–2014

et al. 2016

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Abstract-Biological control has been an important tactic in the management of Canadian forests for over a century, but one that has had varied success. Here, we review the history of biological control programmes using vertebrate and invertebrate parasitoids and predators against insects in Canadian forests. Since roughly 1882, 41 insect species have been the target of biological control, with approximately equal numbers of both native and non-native species targeted. A total of 161 species of biological control agents have been released in Canadian forests, spanning most major orders of insects, as well as mites and mammals. Biological control has resulted in the successful suppression of nine pest species, and aided in the control of an additional six species. In this review, we outline the chronological history of major projects across Canadian forests, focussing on those that have had significant influence for the development of biological control. The historical data clearly illustrate a rise and fall in the use of biological control as a tactic for managing forest pests, from its dominance in the 1940s and 1950s to its current low level. The strategic implementation of these biological control programmes, their degree of success, and the challenges faced are discussed, along with the discipline's shifting relationship to basic science and the environmental viewpoints surrounding its use.

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Section: The Declining Era: 1970-2000mentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of biological control in Canadian forests, 1882–2014

et al. 2016

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“…Other biological control programs against insects in the boreal zone have targeted balsam woolly adelgid, larch casebearer, and birch casebearer (Table 6). There have been only three biocontrol efforts against forest pests in the boreal zone of Canada since the mid 1980s, targeting birch leafmining sawflies and the mountain ash sawfly, pests that have much greater prevalence in urban forests than native forests (Quednau 1990;Langor et al 2002;West et al 2002;MacQuarrie et al 2013a). The reason for this shift in biocontrol activities from natural to urban forests has not been adequately explored, but it is likely due to reduced impact by non-native pests in the boreal forest during the 1970s and 1980s compared with that of more severe pests like the spruce budworm, and to the overall decrease in support for biological control in Canada.…”

Section: Biological Control Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systemic insecticides, mostly dimethoate, have been applied as a soil drench or by painting it on the bark of ornamental birch trees infested with non-native birch leafminers (Wong et al 1991). Mountain ash sawfly was also the subject of insecticidal control (West et al 2002). Insecticides have only been applied in urban and semi-urban areas throughout the range of these insects in North America, including in towns and cities in the boreal zone, and are effective when applied correctly.…”

Section: Chemical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the populations of O. geniculatae from near Quebec City served as the source for releases at urban sites in Newfoundland between 1981 and 1986 (West et al 1994). Both biological control programs were successful, resulting in a decrease in defoliation by the sawfly in Quebec and Newfoundland (Quednau 1990;West et al 2002).…”

Section: Larch Casebearer Coleophora Laricella (Lepidoptera: Coleophmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

et al. 2014

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More than 1180 non-native species, mostly of Palaearctic origin, have been recorded from the boreal zone of Canada, with the highest diversity on the island of Newfoundland and in the southern boreal zone of Ontario and Quebec. The non-native biota of the boreal zone (and of Canada in general) is poorly known in terms of species composition and distribution. A large proportion of species are associated with disturbed anthropogenic habitats such as urban areas, agricultural landscapes, transportation and communication corridors, and industrial developments. Natural habitats in the boreal zone have a high degree of resistance to invasion compared with those of other Canadian zones, likely owing to harsh climates, low light levels, poor soil nutrient availability, low soil pH, low productivity, and dense covering of the ground by plants, especially bryophytes. Of the relatively few non-native species that have successfully colonized the boreal zone, many decline greatly in abundance after a few years, suggesting biotic resilience. To date the boreal zone has shown the least resistance and resilience to large vertebrates (moose and white-tailed deer) translocated to islands, diseases of vertebrates, and earthworms. In general, the ecological impacts of non-native species on the boreal zone have been poorly studied, and there are few examples where such impacts are evident. Likewise, there has been little attempt to quantify the economic impacts of non-native species in either the boreal zone or in Canada as a whole. In the few cases where management measures have been implemented for highly destructive non-native species, results have been somewhat successful, especially where classical biological control measures have been implemented against insects on trees. Chemical and mechanical management measures have had only limited success in localized situations. Management resources are most effectively applied to reducing the risk of introduction. The risk to the boreal zone posed by future new non-native species is increasing with the warming climate and the fast and direct transport of goods into the boreal zone from points of origin. Five recommendations are provided to address recognized gaps concerning non-native species.Résumé : On a enregistré plus de 1180 espèces non indigènes, surtout d'origine paléarctique, dans la zone de la forêt boréale du Canada, dont la plus grande diversité se retrouve sur l'île de Terre-Neuve et dans la zone boréale méridionale de l'Ontario et du Québec. Le biote non indigène de la zone boréale (et du Canada en général) est mal connu en ce qui concerne sa composition et sa distribution. Une forte proportion des espèces est associée à des habitats perturbés par l'homme comme les milieux urbains, les paysages agricoles, les corridors de communication et de transport ainsi que les développements industriels. Les habitats naturels de la zone boréale montrent un fort degré de résistance à l'invasion, comparativement à ceux d'autres zones du Canada, vraisemblablement à cause des climats rigou...

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Pristiphora geniculata (Hartig), mountain ash sawfly (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae).

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

A history of biological control in Canadian forests, 1882–2014

A history of biological control in Canadian forests, 1882–2014

Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

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