Premature Ovarian “Failure” in the Adolescent

Abstract

Premature ovarian "failure" (POF) is an enigmatic and heterogeneous disorder characterized by amenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, and hypergonadotropinism that occurs in women under the age of 40 years. The predominant causes are different in the adolescent, and more of these causes are associated with permanent cessation of ovarian function. It would seem that the more common causes of POF in adolescents include cytogenetic abnormalities involving the X chromosome, ovarian dysfunction occurring in association with other autoimmune endocrine disturbances, and chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy given for any of a number of malignancies. Special challenges in the adolescent beyond establishing the diagnosis include counseling the young woman and her family and discussing the possibility of future pregnancy. Lifelong therapy must be addressed as well. Any discussion of POF raises numerous unanswered questions that should be the focus of future research.

Inhibin α-Subunit N Terminus Interacts with Activin Type IB Receptor to Disrupt Activin Signaling

“…1B) within the N-terminal region of the mature protein was identified as a non-conserved amino acid sequence change that is significantly associated with an increased incidence of premature ovarian failure (POF) (25)(26)(27)(28). POF is typically characterized by hypergonadotropism with circulating levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the postmenopausal range, and in some patients, at levels greater than 30 mIU/ml (29). Functional analysis of the inhibin ␣-subunit A257T variant revealed impaired inhibin B bioactivity and elevated FSH levels (30).…”

Primer amenore

“…30 yafl alt›ndaki insidans› %0,1 olarak göste-rilmifltir (12). Karyotip normal fakat özellikle 30 yafl alt›ndaki olgularda seks kromozomlar›nda translokasyon, k›sa kolda delesyon ya da okkult Y kromozomu olabilir (13). Frajil X kromozomu için premutasyon tafl›y›c›lar›n›n %16's›nda POF geliflmektedir.…”

Induction of Estrogen-Sensitive Epithelial Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Repair Ovarian Function in a Chemotherapy-Induced Mouse Model of Premature Ovarian Failure

“…This condition causes amenorrhea and hypergonadotrophic hypoestrogenism in women before the age of 40 (Duncan et al, 1993;Bandyopadhyay et al, 2003;Yucebilgin et al, 2004;Goswami and Conway, 2005;Lee et al, 2007;Rebar, 2008;Persani et al, 2010;McGuire et al, 2011). Approximately, 5% of women worldwide experience cessation of their menstrual cycle prior to age 40 as result of POF (McGuire et al, 2011).…”