“…In this study, instead of determining directly the element concentration in seawater, it was preferred to use the property of algae to bio-accumulate many heavy metals (Abu Hilal, 1994;Castilla & Nealler, 1978;Conti & Cechetti, 2003;Favero, Cattalini, Bertaggia, & Albergoni 1996;Foster, 1976;Haritonidis & Malea, 1995;Hou & Yan, 1998;Karez, Magalaes, Pfeiffer, & Amado Filho 1994;Leal, Vasconcelos, Souza-pinto, & Cabral 1997;Muse, Tudino, D_Huique, Troccoli, & Carducci 1995;Tranchina, Missichè, Bartolotta, Brai, & Mantegna, 2005;Vasquez & Guerra, 1996). Bioaccumulation processes by algae, needs more or less time, that smooths the time variability of concentrations in sea water.…”