<i>Polypodium leucotomos</i> extract inhibits glutathione oxidation and prevents Langerhans cell depletion induced by UVB/UVA radiation in a hairless rat model

Mulero, Miquel; Rodríguez-Yanes, Esperanza; Nogués, María Rosa; Giralt, Mireia; Romeu, Marta; González, Salvador; Mallol, Jordi

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00684.x

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…They also found a significant decrease in erythrocyte CAT activity. 35) Another study found a rise in activities of GST, GPX and CAT in hairless rat erythrocytes after acute UVB irradiation but the doses used (1540-2410 mJ/cm 2 ) were quite high. 36) Only one paper showed the effects of UVA light on erythrocyte antioxidant parameters in vivo, but the changes related to repeated UVA exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute Exposure to Solar Simulated Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Skin, Liver and Blood of Hairless Mice

Svobodová

Galandáková

Šianská

et al. 2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Solar light is the main environmental factor implicated in various skin disorders. Extensive evidence supports the notion that the whole solar spectrum (UV, visible and infrared wavelengths) participates in skin cells damage.1) However, UV wavelengths are regarded as the most hazardous and most toxic. The sun is primarily a UVA source with an approximate terrestrial UVB content of about 5-10%. UVA (315-400 nm) penetrates deep into the skin. Approximately 80% of UVA reaches the dermal-epidermal junction and around 10% of UVA even reaches the hypodermis. UVA photons are less energetic than UVB and cause mainly indirect damage via increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). These reactive species attack biomolecules resulting in several types of DNA damage (e.g. DNA single strand breaks, DNA interstrand cross-links and nucleotide base modifications), formation of oxidized fragments and products of lipids (e.g. lipid alkoxyl radicals, aldehydes, alkanes, lipid (hydro)peroxides and epoxides) and oxidatively modified proteins and saccharides. In contrast, incoming UVB (295-315 nm) is mostly absorbed by the epidermis (90%). UVB is directly absorbed by the aromatic heterocyclic bases of DNA. As a result of UVB photons absorption cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine-(6-4)-pyrimidone photoproducts are formed.2) Aromatic amino acids such as tryptophan and tyrosine also act as potent UVB radiation absorbers and their interaction with high energetic UVB photons leads to the generation of several derivatives. Of these, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) has been recognized to have fundamental importance.3) Amino acid modification alters protein function as well as affects cellular signalling. However, the division between UVA and UVB is arbitrary and UVB participates in RONS production as well. 4)Skin cells are equipped with several non-enzymic (ascorbic acid, tocopherol, ubiquinol, and glutathione (GSH)) and enzymic antioxidants (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) that maintain the prooxidant/antioxidant balance by rapid RONS elimination, resulting in cell and tissue stabilization. However, flooding of reactive species causes antioxidants depletion and further formation of reactive products that both result in oxidative stress. Production of modified biomolecules is also accompanied by alteration to various enzyme activity and regulation of gene expression in several pathways such as inflammatory cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinases, matrix metalloproteinases, nuclear factor-kB, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), hem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GSR). 4,5) Over 50 years of UV light research, a number of authors have examined the effects of chronic and/or repeated exposures. However, lacking of number reports has pursued the acute effects of UVA/UVB exposure. [6][7][...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute Exposure to Solar Simulated Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Skin, Liver and Blood of Hairless Mice

Svobodová

Galandáková

Šianská

et al. 2011

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…79 It has also been shown to reduce glutathione oxidation in the blood and epidermis following UVR exposure. 79 The associated reductions in pigmentation following oral use were presumed to reflect reduction in DNA damage through quenching of ROS, which would have otherwise facilitated melanogenesis. 80,81 Following UVA and UVB irradiation, PLE has been shown to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage.…”

Section: Polypodium Leucotomos Extract (Ple)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of antioxidants in mitigating skin hyperpigmentation resulting from ultraviolet and visible light‐induced oxidative stress

Nahhas

Abdel‐Malek

Kohli

et al. 2018

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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Oxidative stress is an integral element that influences a variety of biochemical reactions throughout the body and is known to play a notable role in melanogenesis. Exogenous triggers of oxidative stress, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visible light (VL), lead to pigment formation through somewhat different pathways, but both share a common endpoint-the potential to generate cosmetically undesirable hyperpigmentation. Though organic and inorganic sunscreens are available to protect against the UVR portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, coverage is lacking to protect against the VL spectrum. In this manuscript, we review the phases of tanning, pathways of melanogenesis triggered by UVR and VL, and the associated impact of oxidative stress. We also discuss the known intrinsic mechanisms and paracrine regulation of melanocytes that influence their response to UVR. Understanding these mechanisms and their role in UVR-induced hyperpigmentation should potentially lead to identification of useful targets that can be coupled with antioxidant therapy to alleviate this effect.

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“…PL prevents the elimination of Langerhans cells induced by UV irradiation during direct UV exposure [35], or PUVA-therapy [28]. It also inhibits the isomerization of trans -urocanic acid into the cis form and prevents further photo-induced breakdown and degradation in a cell-free system [34].…”

Section: Fernblock: a Multi-pronged Approach To Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also inhibits the isomerization of trans -urocanic acid into the cis form and prevents further photo-induced breakdown and degradation in a cell-free system [34]. Finally, analysis of the blood and skin of mice treated orally with PL and subsequently irradiated with UV revealed that PL decreased the levels of oxidized glutathione and increased the activity of the enzyme catalase, suggesting a positive systemic effect in the antioxidant systems, particularly in skin [35]. …”

Section: Fernblock: a Multi-pronged Approach To Photoprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fernblock, a Nutriceutical with Photoprotective Properties and Potential Preventive Agent for Skin Photoaging and Photoinduced Skin Cancers

González

Gilaberte

Philips

et al. 2011

IJMS

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Many phytochemicals are endowed with photoprotective properties, i.e., the capability to prevent the harmful effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These effects include photoaging and skin cancer, and immunosuppression. Photoprotection is endowed through two major modes of action: UV absorption or reflection/scattering; and tissue repair post-exposure. We and others have uncovered the photoprotective properties of an extract of the fern Polypodium leucotomos (commercial name Fernblock). Fernblock is an all-natural antioxidant extract, administered both topically (on the skin) or orally. It inhibits generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by UV including superoxide anion. It also prevents damage to the DNA, inhibits UV-induced AP1 and NF-κB, and protects endogenous skin natural antioxidant systems, i.e., CAT, GSH, and GSSR. Its photoprotective effects at a cellular level include a marked decrease of UV-mediated cellular apoptosis and necrosis and a profound inhibition of extracellular matrix remodeling. These molecular and cellular effects translate into long-term inhibition of photoaging and carcinogenesis that, together with its lack of toxicity, postulate its use as a novel-generation photoprotective nutriceutical of phytochemical origin.

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Polypodium leucotomos extract inhibits glutathione oxidation and prevents Langerhans cell depletion induced by UVB/UVA radiation in a hairless rat model

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Acute Exposure to Solar Simulated Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Skin, Liver and Blood of Hairless Mice

Acute Exposure to Solar Simulated Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Oxidative Stress-Related Biomarkers in Skin, Liver and Blood of Hairless Mice

The potential role of antioxidants in mitigating skin hyperpigmentation resulting from ultraviolet and visible light‐induced oxidative stress

Fernblock, a Nutriceutical with Photoprotective Properties and Potential Preventive Agent for Skin Photoaging and Photoinduced Skin Cancers

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