Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide potentially attenuates diabetic retinal injury in a diabetic rat model

Abstract

Aims/Introduction To investigate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide ( PSP ) on the retina in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods A total of 120 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control, control model (meaning diabetes mellitus), and diabetes mellitus with PSP intervention of high, medium and low doses groups. The difference of retinal vascularization between groups was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran perfusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining was used to assess apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cells; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the expression of Bcl2‐associated X protein, B‐cell lymphoma‐2 factor, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases, transforming growth factor‐β and vascular endothelial growth factor at the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein level. Results Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran perfusion showed retinal vascular anomaly in diabetes mellitus rats, but vascular tortuosity and leakage were relatively alleviated after PSP intervention. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling staining showed numerous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling‐positive retinal cells in the diabetes mellitus group, which then were reduced by PSP treatment. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that PSP intervention decreased Bcl2‐associated X protein, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor‐β messenger ribonucleic acid expression, but increased B‐cell lymphoma‐2 factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Western blot showed that PSP intervention upregulated the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 factor, and downregulated the expression of Bcl2‐associated X protein, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor‐β proteins. Conclusions Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide shows a protective effect against diabetes‐induced retinal injury in a dose‐dependent manner. The mechanism of action deserves further study and exploration.

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide alleviates inflammatory cytokines and promotes glucose uptake in high‑glucose‑ and high‑insulin‑induced 3T3‑L1 adipocytes by promoting Nrf2 expression

“…Similar to the results of the present study that indicated PSP's role in anti-inflammation, previous studies also found that PSP played anti-inflammatory roles via IL-1β, il-6 and TnF-α (11,14). PSP also delayed the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts (15,16), further indicating its therapeutic potential in T2dM.…”

“…it is reported that PSP could inhibit inflammation such as interleukin (IL)-1β, il-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TnF)-α expression in lipopolysaccharide-treatment raW264.7, ovariectomized rat, acute heart failure rats, suggest that PSP had anti-inflammation effect (12)(13)(14). Moreover, PSP alleviated hyperglycemia and reduced oxidative stress to delay the progression of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts (15,16). Therefore, more studies are needed to further confirm the role and mechanism of PSP in regulating diabetes, especially T2DM.…”

Polysaccharide-Based Nanomaterials for Ocular Drug Delivery: A Perspective

“…Carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa polysaccharides show therapeutic effects in the cornea from blue light-emitting diodes. Moreover, Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides could attenuate the damage from diabetic retinopathy, while dry eyes can be relieved by mucoadhesive Bletilla striata polysaccharide-based artificial tears ( Chandel et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019c ; Thacker et al, 2020 ). Evidence has also demonstrated that phyto-based polysaccharides can be utilized for drug delivery systems upon graft modification or synergistic interaction via non-covalent stabilization with other commercial polysaccharides such as hyaluronic acid ( Uccello-Barretta et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2019b ).…”

Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche polysaccharide ameliorates HFD‑induced mouse obesity via regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response

“…P. sibiricum is a well-known traditional medicinal herb in China ( 15 ), as well as a health-improving substance ( 16 ). P. sibiricum has been widely used in a number of Chinese herbal medicine compounds treating different diseases as recorded in Ben Cao Gang Mu ( Compendium of Materia Medica ) and its effects in treating diabetes ( 17 ), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseasess18), somnipathy ( 19 ), dyslipidemia and pathological fatigue ( 20 ) have also been determined by modern medical methods.…”