PlusandMinusSexual Agglutinins fromChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Ferris, Patrick J.; Waffenschmidt, Sabine; Umen, James G.; Lin, Huawen; Lee, Jae‐Hyeok; Ishida, Koichi; Kubo, Takeaki; Lau, Jeffrey; Goodenough, Ursula

doi:10.1105/tpc.104.028035

Cited by 87 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Such protein domains are subject to glycosylation and may form fibrous structures (Woessner and Goodenough, 1992;Ferris et al, 2001Ferris et al, , 2005. The predicted fibrous structures of the three GAS proteins are flanked by domains that were predicted to form globular structures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5A). Mutant imp-5 lacks mt1-specific agglutinin and thus shows no agglutination reaction (Goodenough et al, 1976;Ferris et al, 2005). In wild-type gametes, an increase in GAS31 mRNA levels was observed already 30 min after mixing of competent gametes; a significant increase in GAS28 and GAS30 mRNAs was seen only Figure 2.…”

Section: Expression Pattern Of Gas28 Gas30 and Gas31 During Gametogmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test whether the cAMP-induced cell wall removal may cause an enhanced expression of GAS28, GAS30, and GAS31, we incubated gametes from the agglutinin-defective mutant imp-5 (Goodenough et al, 1976;Ferris et al, 2005) with an autolysin-containing supernatant from zygotes. The active component in autolysin is a metalloprotease named GLE.…”

Section: Accumulation Of Gas Mrnas After Cell Wall Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial contact between gametes of mating types plus and minus is mediated by the mating-typespecific agglutinins, high M r glycoproteins on the flagellar surface (Adair et al, 1983;Ferris et al, 2005). The resulting flagellar adhesion generates signaling pathways that activate the interacting cells for cell-cell fusion.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mating-Induced Shedding of Cell Walls, Removal of Walls from Vegetative Cells, and Osmotic Stress Induce Presumed Cell Wall Genes in Chlamydomonas

Hoffmann

Beck

2005

Plant Physiology

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The first step in sexual differentiation of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the formation of gametes. Three genes, GAS28, GAS30, and GAS31, encoding Hyp-rich glycoproteins that presumably are cell wall constituents, are expressed in the late phase of gametogenesis. These genes, in addition, are activated by zygote formation and cell wall removal and by the application of osmotic stress. The induction by zygote formation could be traced to cell wall shedding prior to gamete fusion since it was seen in mutants defective in cell fusion. However, it was absent in mutants defective in the initial steps of mating, i.e. in flagellar agglutination and in accumulation of adenosine 3#,5#-cyclic monophosphate in response to this agglutination. Induction of the three GAS genes was also observed when cultures were exposed to hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic stress. To address the question whether the induction seen upon cell wall removal from both gametes and vegetative cells was elicited by osmotic stress, cell wall removal was performed under isosmotic conditions. Also under such conditions an activation of the genes was observed, suggesting that the signaling pathway(s) is (are) activated by wall removal itself.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression Pattern Of Gas28 Gas30 and Gas31 During Gametogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accumulation Of Gas Mrnas After Cell Wall Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mating-Induced Shedding of Cell Walls, Removal of Walls from Vegetative Cells, and Osmotic Stress Induce Presumed Cell Wall Genes in Chlamydomonas

Hoffmann

Beck

2005

Plant Physiology

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“…As most of the HRGPs from chlorophyte algae have domain structures distinct from embryophyte HRGPs ( Fig. 1; Godl et al, 1997;Ferris et al, 2005), a tool that is able to identify HRGPs with diverse features across long evolutionary time scales was required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pipeline to Identify Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins

et al. 2017

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Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are functional proteins that lack a well-defined three-dimensional structure. The study of IDPs is a rapidly growing area as the crucial biological functions of more of these proteins are uncovered. In plants, IDPs are implicated in plant stress responses, signaling, and regulatory processes. A superfamily of cell wall proteins, the hydroxyprolinerich glycoproteins (HRGPs), have characteristic features of IDPs. Their protein backbones are rich in the disordering amino acid proline, they contain repeated sequence motifs and extensive posttranslational modifications (glycosylation), and they have been implicated in many biological functions. HRGPs are evolutionarily ancient, having been isolated from the protein-rich walls of chlorophyte algae to the cellulose-rich walls of embryophytes. Examination of HRGPs in a range of plant species should provide valuable insights into how they have evolved. Commonly divided into the arabinogalactan proteins, extensins, and proline-rich proteins, in reality, a continuum of structures exists within this diverse and heterogenous superfamily. An inability to accurately classify HRGPs leads to inconsistent gene ontologies limiting the identification of HRGP classes in existing and emerging omics data sets. We present a novel and robust motif and amino acid bias (MAAB) bioinformatics pipeline to classify HRGPs into 23 descriptive subclasses. Validation of MAAB was achieved using available genomic resources and then applied to the 1000 Plants transcriptome project (www.onekp.com) data set. Significant improvement in the detection of HRGPs using multiple-kmer transcriptome assembly methodology was observed. The MAAB pipeline is readily adaptable and can be modified to optimize the recovery of IDPs from other organisms.

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The Implications of (2S,4S)‐Hydroxyproline 4‐O‐Glycosylation for Prolyl Amide Isomerization

Owens

Lee

Marat

et al. 2009

Chemistry A European J

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The conformations of peptides and proteins are often influenced by glycans O-linked to serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr). (2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline (Hyp), together with L-proline (Pro), are interesting targets for O-glycosylation because they have a unique influence on peptide and protein conformation. In previous work we found that glycosylation of Hyp does not affect the N-terminal amide trans/cis ratios (K(trans/cis)) or the rates of amide isomerization in model amides. The stereoisomer of Hyp--(2S,4S)-4-hydroxyproline (hyp)--is rarely found in nature, and has a different influence both on the conformation of the pyrrolidine ring and on K(trans/cis). Glycans attached to hyp would be expected to be projected from the opposite face of the prolyl side chain relative to Hyp; the impact this would have on K(trans/cis) was unknown. Measurements of (3)J coupling constants indicate that the glycan has little impact on the C(gamma)-endo conformation produced by hyp. As a result, it was found that the D-galactose residue extending from a C(gamma)-endo pucker affects both K(trans/cis) and the rate of isomerization, which is not found to occur when it is projected from a C(gamma)-exo pucker; this reflects the different environments delineated by the proline side chain. The enthalpic contributions to the stabilization of the trans amide isomer may be due to disruption of intramolecular interactions present in hyp; the change in enthalpy is balanced by a decrease in entropy incurred upon glycosylation. Because the different stereoisomers--Hyp and hyp--project the O-linked carbohydrates in opposite spatial orientations, these glycosylated amino acids may be useful for understanding of how the projection of a glycan from the peptide or protein backbone exerts its influence.

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PlusandMinusSexual Agglutinins fromChlamydomonas reinhardtii

Cited by 87 publications

References 110 publications

Mating-Induced Shedding of Cell Walls, Removal of Walls from Vegetative Cells, and Osmotic Stress Induce Presumed Cell Wall Genes in Chlamydomonas

Mating-Induced Shedding of Cell Walls, Removal of Walls from Vegetative Cells, and Osmotic Stress Induce Presumed Cell Wall Genes in Chlamydomonas

Pipeline to Identify Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins

The Implications of (2S,4S)‐Hydroxyproline 4‐O‐Glycosylation for Prolyl Amide Isomerization

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