‘Plue plun’ male, ‘kath klei’ female: gender differences in suicidal behavior as expressed by young people in Cambodia

Abstract

Few studies from low- and middle-income countries use qualitative methodology to explore suicidal behavior among young people. In Cambodia, young people face the challenge of rapidly changing times and are vulnerable for suicidal behavior as revealed by research in transitional economies. This study seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the suicidal phenomena from a gender, psychosocial and cultural perspective. Six focus-group discussions were conducted among boys and girls, aged 15–19 years, in two secondary schools in a suburban area close to Phnom Penh, the capital city. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis approach. The participants highlighted the gender difference in suicidal behavior by describing the suicide-prone, acting-out male as ‘plue plun’, while suicide-prone females were described as caught in constricted, tunneled-thinking behavior, expressed as ‘kath klei’. Parental attitude and family environment were also pointed out as the chief causes of discontent and there was a strong wish on the part of young people to find space for modern values within the traditional family. The young people's awareness of their challenges in everyday life suggests that school-based programs to prevent suicidal behavior ought to be gender-sensitive and peer-focused.

How do young people in Cambodia perceive the impact of societal attitudes, media and religion on suicidal behaviour?

“…The findings from the first part of the same data-set that is related to gender difference in suicidal behaviour, adverse and challenging family ambience and intergenerational tensions have been reported elsewhere (Jegannathan et al, 2014).…”

“…The study by Jegannathan, Dahlblom, and Kullgren (2014) brought out the challenges perceived by young people in the context of gendered culture, intra-familial values and intergenerational gap in contemporary Cambodia. This study, a sequel to the above, explores the views of the same group of focus group discussants on the societal attitudes towards suicide, contemporary media norms, Buddhism and their influence on suicidal behaviour.…”

Estimating Suicide Rates in Developing Nations

“…One study included qualitative data from focus group discussions, in which participants expressed their belief that suicidality differed by sex. 12 Additional information comes from studies conducted outside Cambodia. For example, an examination of human trafficking in Southeast Asia, which included Cambodians, found about 5% of participants made a recent suicide attempt.…”