<i>Plasmodium knowlesi</i>: A Malaria Parasite of Monkeys and Humans

Collins, William E.

doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-121510-133540

Cited by 96 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi are the five Plasmodium species that cause malaia disease in humans. P. falciparum is the deadliest strain that causes malaria and this form of parasite predominates in Africa [2,3]. Humans get affected with malaria parasites through the bites of female anopheline mosquitoes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites

Pan¹,

Xu²,

Shi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Malaria, as a major global health problem, continues to affect a large number of people each year, especially those in the developing countries. Effective drug discovery is still one of the main efforts to control malaria. As natural products are still considered as a key source for discovery and development of therapeutic agents, we have evaluated more than 2,000 plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. As a result, we discovered dozens of plant leads that displayed antimalarial activity. Our phytochemical study of some of these plant extracts led to identification of several potent antimalarial compounds. The prior comprehensive review article entitled "Antimalarial activity of plant metabolites" by Schwikkard and Van Heerden (2002) reported structures of plant-derived compounds with antiplasmodial activity and covered literature up to the year 2000. As a continuation of this effort, the present review covers the antimalarial compounds isolated from plants, including marine plants, reported in the literatures from 2001 to the end of 2017. During the span of the last 17 years, 175 antiplasmodial compounds were discovered from plants. These active compounds are organized in our review article according to their plant families. In addition, we also include ethnobotanical information of the antimalarial plants discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites

Pan¹,

Xu²,

Shi³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…In humans, malaria is caused by P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. vivax and P. knowlesi (Collins, 2012). Among those infected, P. falciparum is the most common species identified (~75%) followed by P. vivax (~20%) (Nadjm and Behrens, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Malarial and some Biochemical Indices of the Ethanol Extract of Zapoteca portoricensis Root on Malaria-Infected Mice

Nwodo¹,

Joshua²,

Ugwuoke³

et al. 2015

Asian J. of Biochemistry

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The study investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Zapoteca portoricensis roots on malaria-infected mice. The effect of ethanol extract on malaria infected mice was studied by assaying percentage parasitaemia, some liver marker enzymes and kidney function markers. The acute toxicity study showed that the ethanol extract had LD 50 above 2900 mg kgG 1 b.wt. Malaria infected mice treated with the ethanol extract had significant (p<0.05) decrease in the mean percentage parasitaemia when compared with group 2 mice (malaria untreated). The AST activity showed significant (p<0.05) increase in all the test groups when compared to normal control on day 14 but significantly (p<0.05) reduced in all the treated groups when compared to group 2 mice on day 28. The ALT and ALP activities decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all the test groups when compared to group 2 mice. The urea concentration significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the normal control, group 4 and 5 when compared with group 2 mice. Creatinine concentration decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the normal control, group 3 and group 4 when compared to group 2 mice on day 14, however, on day 28, no significant (p>0.05) differences were observed in the creatinine concentrations in all the groups when compared to normal control. The results suggest that the ethanol extract of Zapoteca portoricensis roots is relative safe has no negative effects on liver and kidney with huge potentials in the management of malaria.

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“…Five Plasmodium species are responsible for malaria (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi), but P. falciparum and P. vivax account for the largest threat [1][2][3][4]. Plasmodium falciparum is the most common (64%) cause of malaria in Ethiopia while P. vivax accounts for the remaining cases (34%) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial Treatment Outcomes In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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Background: Ethiopia is among countries with a high malaria burden. There are several studies that assessed the efficacy of anti-malarial agents in the country and this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to obtain stronger evidence on treatment outcomes of malaria from the existing literature in Ethiopia. Methods:A systematic literature search using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was conducted on studies from Pubmed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases to identify published and unpublished literature. Comprehensive meta-analysis software was used to perform all meta-analyses. The Cochrane Q and the I 2 were used to evaluate heterogeneity of studies. Random effects model was used to combine studies showing heterogeneity of Cochrane Q p < 0.10 and I 2 > 50.Results: Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis with a total number of 3123 study participants. Treatment outcomes were assessed clinically and parasitologically using World Health Organization guidelines. Adequate clinical and parasitological response was used to assess treatment success at the 28th day. Overall, a significant high treatment success of 92.9% (95% CI 89.1-96.6), p < 0.001, I 2 = 98.39% was noticed. However, treatment success was higher in falciparum malaria patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine than chloroquine for Plasmodium vivax patients [98.1% (97.0-99.2), p < 0.001, I 2 = 72.55 vs 94.7% (92.6-96.2), p < 0.001, I 2 = 53.62%]. Seven studies reported the adverse drug reactions to anti-malarial treatment; of 822 participants, 344 of them were exposed to adverse drug reactions with a pooled event rate of 39.8% (14.1-65.5), p = 0.002. Conclusions:On the basis of this review, anti-malarial treatment success was high (92.9%) and standard regimens showed good efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum (98.1%) and P. vivax (94.7%) infections in Ethiopia, but associated with high rates of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, these ADRs were not serious enough to discontinue anti-malarial treatment. The results of this study suggest that the current anti-malarial medications are effective and safe; however, greater priority should be placed on the discovery of new anti-malarial drugs to achieve successful outcomes as resistance seems inevitable since cases of anti-malarial drug resistance have been reported from other areas of the world.

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Plasmodium knowlesi: A Malaria Parasite of Monkeys and Humans

Cited by 96 publications

References 67 publications

Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites

Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites

Anti-Malarial and some Biochemical Indices of the Ethanol Extract of Zapoteca portoricensis Root on Malaria-Infected Mice

Antimalarial Treatment Outcomes In Ethiopia: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

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