<i>Pinus nelsonii</i> and a Cladistic Analysis of Pinaceae Ovulate Cone Characters

Gernandt, David S.; León-Gómez, Calixto; Hernández-León, Sergio; Olson, Mark E.

doi:10.1600/036364411x583565

Cited by 16 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Analyses of morphology alone and in combination with DNA support the delimitation of the fossil genera Pseudoaraucaria and Obirastrobus, which were erected as natural groups Ohsawa et al 1992), and were recovered as monophyletic in previous cladistic analyses Gernandt et al 2011;. Both genera show some instability in the analyses; the position of Pseudoaraucaria varies among the abietoid genera, and one species, Pseudoaraucaria gibbosa, did not group with the remaining species under some weights (Supplementary data, Fig.…”

Section: Advances In Inferring Relationships Among Living and Fossil mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Previous phylogenetic studies of Pinaceae either treated all genera as terminal taxa (e.g., Hart 1987; , or used a combination of species (mainly fossils) and genera (mainly extant taxa) as terminals (e.g., Stockey 2001, 2002;Gernandt et al 2008Gernandt et al , 2011Smith et al 2016). In contrast, we chose 67 species-level terminals to represent Pinaceae.…”

Section: Taxon and Character Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Character definitions and scorings were from previously published phylogenetic analyses Nixon et al 1994;Rothwell and Serbet 1994;Stockey 2001, 2002;Gernandt et al 2008Gernandt et al , 2011Smith et al 2016), literature review , and new observations. We retained characters with missing data for some taxa, following the argument that this can increase phylogenetic accuracy (Wiens 2006).…”

Section: Taxon and Character Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other characters indicated by Miller (1976) as diagnostic for Pinus, namely bract and scale traces united at their origin and scale traces that become curved distally in the cone scale, are variable in extant species and should not be used to exclude "pinelike" Pityostrobus species from the genus ( Fig. 5; Gernandt et al 2011;.…”

Section: Advances In Inferring Relationships Among Living and Fossil mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stockey (2001, 2002) presented cladistic analyses of an expanded and recoded data set of 33 morphological and anatomical characters and 48 taxa (70% of which were fossils) that recovered Pseudoaraucaria (with six species) as monophyletic and sister to Abies; the fossil genus Obirastrobus (two species) was recovered as monophyletic (only in a majorityrule consensus tree), and the fossil genus Pityostrobus (25 species) was polyphyletic; the positions of Obirastrobus and Pityostrobus were poorly resolved. In a cladistic analysis of 50 taxa and 53 seed cone characters, including the extant genus Pinus represented by two extant and one fossil species rather than a single generic terminal, Pseudoaraucaria was recovered as sister to Abies, and more than 13 species of Pityostrobus as close relatives of Pinus, with very low branch support (Gernandt et al 2011). Pol and Escapa (2009) used the matrix to illustrate a method for iteratively identifying and pruning taxa with an unstable position among optimal trees to generate a reduced consensus tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Gernandt

Holman

Campbell

et al. 2016

Botany

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Abstract:Relationships of living and fossil Pinaceae were inferred using parsimony and Bayesian inference of morphological characters and plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. When considering extant taxa only, adding molecular to morphological characters resulted in markedly increased resolution and branch support compared with analysis of morphology alone. Including 45 fossil taxa resulted in drastically decreased resolution in morphology-based consensus trees. We evaluated the effect on branch support and resolution of including DNA sequences, deleting fossils lacking information for cone scale apices and seeds, using reduced consensus methods, and using implied weighting, and found that the greatest improvements were found by including DNA sequences and using implied weighting. The tree topologies from parsimony and Bayesian inference confirm previous findings that the fossil genus Pseudoaraucaria and a few species of Pityostrobus from the Lower Cretaceous are related to abietoid genera, and that other species of Pityostrobus are pinoid and closely related to Pinus. Focusing phylogenetic analyses on the most complete fossil cones, specifically those that are anatomically preserved and include both cone scale apices and seeds, and taking into account homoplasy, resulted in the clearest hypotheses for the timing and sequence of diversification in the family.Key words: fossil, morphology, phylogenetics, Pinaceae, PHYP.Résumé : Les relations qui existent entre les Pinaceae vivants et fossiles ont été déduites par la parcimonie et l'inférence Bayésienne des traits morphologiques et des séquences d'ADN plastidique et nucléaire. En considérant les taxons encore existants seulement, l'ajout de traits moléculaires aux traits morphologiques résultait en un accroissement marqué de la résolution et du support des branches comparativement à l'analyse de la morphologie seule. L'inclusion de 45 taxons fossiles résultait en une résolution fortement diminuée dans les arbres consensuels basés sur la morphologie. Les auteurs ont évalué l'effet d'inclure les séquences d'ADN sur le support des branches et la résolution, en supprimant les fossiles pour lesquels l'information sur les apex des écailles des cônes et des graines était manquante, en utilisant des méthodes de consensus réduites, et en utilisant une pondération implicite, et ils ont trouvé que les plus grandes améliorations étaient obtenues en incluant les séquences d'ADN et en utilisant la pondération implicite. Les topologies des arbres à partir de la parcimonie et de l'inférence Bayési-enne confirment les résultats précédents voulant que les fossiles du genre Pseudoaraucaria et quelques espèces de Pityostrobus du Crétacée inférieur soient apparentés au genre abiétoïde et que les autres espèces de Pityostrobus soient pinoïdes et étroitement apparentées aux Pinus. En concentrant les analyses phylogénétiques sur les cônes fossiles les plus complets, spécifiquement ceux qui sont anatomiquement préservés et qui comprennent les apex des écailles des cônes et les graines, et e...

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Section: Advances In Inferring Relationships Among Living and Fossil mentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Taxon and Character Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taxon and Character Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advances In Inferring Relationships Among Living and Fossil mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Gernandt

Holman

Campbell

et al. 2016

Botany

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Araucaria lefipanensis(Araucariaceae), a new species with dimorphic leaves from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina

Andruchow‐Colombo

Escapa

Cúneo

et al. 2018

American J of Botany

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The leaf dimorphism of A. lefipanensis is similar to that of extant A. bidwillii, where dimorphism is considered to be related to seasonal growth. The leaf dimorphism in A. lefipanensis is consistent with the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions previously suggested for the Lefipán Formation, which is thought to have been a seasonal subtropical forest. The new species shows evidence of mosaic evolution, with cone scale complexes morphologically similar to section Eutacta and leaves similar to the sections of the broad-leaved clade, constituting a possible transitional form between these two well-defined lineages. More complete plant concepts, especially those including both reproductive and vegetative remains are necessary to understand the evolution of ancient plant lineages. This work contributes to this aim by documenting a new species that may add to the understanding of the early evolution of the sections of Araucaria.

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