<i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> in Canada: Evidence for Migration Within North America and from Europe

Goss, Erica M.; Larsen, Meredith M.; Vercauteren, Annelies; Werres, Sabine; Heungens, Kurt; Grünwald, Niklaus J.

doi:10.1094/phyto-05-10-0133

Cited by 103 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, ground surveys and geographic information system (GIS) mapping of Dutch elm-diseased and elm bark beetles-attacked trees on the geographically isolated island of Gotland allowed for tracking patterns of disease spread in relation to management strategies to reduce disease prevalence [22]. For many invading forest pathogens, the key to understanding dispersal is by measuring the human transport process through imported plant material via random checks in quarantine facilities from nurseries [23,24], or on vehicles [25]. For example, the spread of P. ramorum has been demonstrated using various approaches such as environmental niche models [26], risk assessment maps based on host distribution [27], landscape structure [28,29], multi-scale patterns of human activity [30], and trade networks [31].…”

Section: Novel Environments Novel Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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Biological invasions, resulting from deliberate and unintentional species transfers of insects, fungal and oomycete organisms, are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Limiting damage by non-indigenous forest pathogens requires an understanding of their current and potential distributions, factors affecting disease spread, and development of appropriate management measures. In this review, we synthesize innate characteristics of invading organisms (notably mating system, reproduction type, and dispersal mechanisms) and key factors of the host population (namely host diversity, host connectivity, and host susceptibility) that govern spread and impact of invasive forest pathogens at various scales post-introduction and establishment. We examine spread dynamics for well-known invasive forest pathogens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya, comb. nov., causing ash dieback in Europe, and Cryphonectria parasitica, (Murr.) Barr, causing chestnut blight in both North America and Europe, illustrating the importance of host variability (diversity, connectivity, susceptibility) in their invasion success. While alien pathogen entry has proven difficult to control, and new biological introductions are indeed inevitable, elucidating the key processes underlying host variability is crucial for scientists and managers aimed at developing effective strategies to prevent future movement of organisms and preserve intact ecosystems.

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Section: Novel Environments Novel Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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“…In addition, the EU1 lineage was frequently detected in Canada. Goss et al (2011) conclude that P. ramorum migration from Europe to North America is more likely to have occurred than migration in both directions. Evidence provided to the Panel by Matteo Garbelotto (University of California, personal communication, 2011), indicates that virulence of isolates belonging to different lineages may differ (Appendix A.…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Additional information Goss et al (2011) studied the genotypes of P. ramorum in plant nurseries in Canada compared to those found in the US and in Europe. The study confirms that plant trade networks have not only made it possible for P. ramorum to be introduced into North America and Europe, but are also likely to introduce new genotypes if left unregulated.…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the Pest Risk Analysis onPhytophthora ramorumprepared by the FP6 project RAPRA

Rossi¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Plant Health was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the Pest Risk Analysis on Phytophthora ramorum prepared by the FP6 project RAPRA, taking into account comments by Member States and additional information since RAPRA. P. ramorum is the oomycete causing sudden oak death in the USA and leaf and twig blight/dieback on a range of ornamental species in North America and Europe. Currently P. ramorum is not listed as a harmful organism in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, but the Commission adopted in 2002 provisional emergency measures to prevent introduction into and spread within the EU. Recent large-scale outbreaks in Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) plantations in the UK and Ireland have worsened the potential consequences in the risk assessment area. However, the Panel concludes that the broad narrative in the RAPRA report stands and supports its conclusion that "There is a risk of further entry (of known or new lineages and/or mating types), establishment and […] impact". It is advisable to avoid introductions of different lineages because of inherent phenotypic differences and the potential for sexual recombination. The Panel supports the management options proposed in the RAPRA report and adds further measures for consideration. Uncertainty remains over the extent to which the association between control measures and gradual reduction in the number of cases in nurseries is causal. The emergency measures have not prevented outbreaks occurring in the natural environment. The many other remaining uncertainties (fitness of progeny, hybridisation with other Phytophthora species, host range and epidemiological role of new hosts, early detection of new outbreaks, understanding of long-range dispersal, structure of plant trade networks, origin of the pathogen) call for further research on P. ramorum across Europe. 4 Editorial changes have been made on pages 51 (acronym PRA removed as it was not in line with the Panel's dictionary as discussed in Appendix 2 of the Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options by EFSA) and 89 (statement which referred to the Panel agreeing with the RAPRA conclusion that "P. ramorum fulfils the criteria of a quarantine pest" was removed as requested by the Panel during adoption of the draft opinion). The changes do not affect the overall conclusions of the opinion. To avoid confusion the original version has been removed from the website. The scope of this Scientific Opinion is the evaluation of the RAPRA report, taking into consideration the comments of Member States as well as additional information published after finalisation of the RAPRA report, or not cited in the RAPRA report. A systematic literature search until March 2011 was carried out. It should be noted that the scientific community is concerned by the shift of P. ramorum to new hosts (with a special focus on the Japanese larch) and its further spread, and therefore new results of ongoing research are constantly be...

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“…In the past, many epidemics caused by invasive plants, pathogens, or insects were assumed to be initiated by a single introduction event followed by a radiation from the introduction point. However, several recent studies have found that this is likely not the case and that, in most invasion events, multiple introductions have occurred followed by migration and admixture of populations [58][59][60][61]. This may be particularly true for forest pathogens as damage caused by these organisms may go unnoticed and undetected for decades in more remote areas.…”

Section: Isolates and Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and secretome of two Pythium species during infection and saprophytic growth

Caballero

Tisserat

2017

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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TRANSCRIPTOME AND SECRETOME OF TWO PYTHIUM SPECIES DURING INFECTION AND SAPROPHYTIC GROWTHIn the first part of this dissertation, I describe how we obtained and analyzed the full complement of transcripts -the transcriptome-and the set of secreted proteins -the secretomeof Pythium irregulare and Pythium iwayamai isolates when they were infecting plant hosts and when they were growing saprophytically. Additionally, these two treatments were performed at two different temperatures (4˚ and 19˚C). The assembled transcriptomes were annotated, and a closer analysis of the expression profiles of transcripts coding for pathogenicity-related proteins is shown. Secreted proteins were semi-quantified and their likely functions were determined based on the annotation of the corresponding transcripts.

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Phytophthora ramorum in Canada: Evidence for Migration Within North America and from Europe

Cited by 103 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Scientific Opinion on the Pest Risk Analysis onPhytophthora ramorumprepared by the FP6 project RAPRA

Transcriptome and secretome of two Pythium species during infection and saprophytic growth

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