PhotorhabdusSpeciesBioluminescent Bacteria as Human Pathogens?

Polymorphism of CRISPR shows separated natural groupings of Shigella subtypes and evidence of horizontal transfer of CRISPR

“…Most species are human pathogens, while Dickeya, Pectobacterium, and Erwinia are plant pathogens, and Photorhabdus is an insect pathogen. 44 Furthermore, the majority of the strains belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae, except one strain, Legionella pneumophila, which belongs to the Legionellaceae. L. pneumophila is a cause of Figure 3.…”

Human infection with Photorhabdus asymbiotica: an emerging bacterial pathogen

“…Photorhabdus species have never been shown to live freely in soil, although they will survive in soil under laboratory conditions [10]. Twelve cases of human infection with P. asymbiotica have been reported in the peer-reviewed literature-six from the USA and six from Australia [3][4][5]. A 13th case has been identified in a 29-year-old female from a smallholding near Beaudesert, Australia in February 2003 [unpublished] ( Table 1).…”

“…In 1989, Farmer et al [3] described infection with Photorhabdus species in humans in the USA. Since then, further reports of human infection occurring in Australia have been reported [4,5]. We review what is known of human infection with Photorhabdus species.…”

The Regulation of Secondary Metabolism and Mutualism in the Insect Pathogenic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens

“…All species have been shown to be insect pathogens that are associated with nematodes (Gerrard et al, 2006;Plichta et al, 2009). Interestingly, P. asymbiotica has also been found associated with serious human infections in Australia and the United States, leading to the suggestion that this species has recently acquired the ability to infect humans (Gerrard et al, 2003(Gerrard et al, , 2004Waterfield et al, 2004).…”