<i>Petunia hybrida</i> PDR2 is involved in herbivore defense by controlling steroidal contents in trichomes

Sasse, Joëlle; Schlegel, Markus; Borghi, Loris; Ullrich, Friederike; Lee, Mi-Young; Liu, Guowei; Giner, José‐Luis; Kayser, Oliver; Bigler, Laurent; Martinoia, Enrico; Kretzschmar, Tobias

doi:10.1111/pce.12828

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…Molecular-genetic methods for up-or downregulation of gene expression in plants provide numerous opportunities for exp er i m en t al m an i p u l a t i on of p l a n t bi o ch e m i s t r y (Hammerbacher et al 2019;Tian et al 2015), but also for investigating the effects of specific plant compounds on feeding behavior and performance of associated herbivores (Kosonen et al 2012;Müller et al 2015;Sasse et al 2016). In our study, inhibition of DFR and ANR activity altered the chemo-and phenotype of young B. pendula.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Shift from Condensed Tannins to Flavonoids in Transgenic Betula pendula Decreases Consumption and Growth but Improves Growth Efficiency of Epirrita autumnata Larvae

et al. 2019

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Despite active research, antiherbivore activity of specific plant phenolics remains largely unresolved. We constructed silver birch (Betula pendula) lines with modified phenolic metabolism to study the effects of foliar flavonoids and condensed tannins on consumption and growth of larvae of a generalist herbivore, the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata). We conducted a feeding experiment using birch lines in which expression of dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) or anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) had been decreased by RNA interference. Modification-specific effects on plant phenolics, nutrients and phenotype, and on larval consumption and growth were analyzed using uni-and multivariate methods. Inhibiting DFR expression increased the concentration of flavonoids at the expense of condensed tannins, and silencing DFR and ANR decreased leaf and plant size. E. autumnata larvae consumed on average 82% less of DFRi plants than of unmodified controls, suggesting that flavonoids or glandular trichomes deter larval feeding. However, larval growth efficiency was highest on low-tannin DFRi plants, indicating that condensed tannins (or their monomers) are physiologically more harmful than non-tannin flavonoids for E. autumnata larvae. Our results show that genetic manipulation of the flavonoid pathway in plants can effectively be used to produce altered phenolic profiles required for elucidating the roles of low-molecular weight phenolics and condensed tannins in plant-herbivore relationships, and suggest that phenolic secondary metabolites participate in regulation of plant growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Shift from Condensed Tannins to Flavonoids in Transgenic Betula pendula Decreases Consumption and Growth but Improves Growth Efficiency of Epirrita autumnata Larvae

et al. 2019

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“…NtABCG5/ NtPDR5 is induced by insect herbivory, and the absence of this transporter decreases resistance to insects, indicating that it is involved in the transport of a hitherto unidentified insecticidal compound (6). Absence of PhPDR2 increases insect herbivory in Petunia hybrida leaves and decreases concentrations of the insecticidal steroid petuniasterone (7). CrTPT2, expressed at the plasma membrane of Catharanthus roseus, secretes catharanthine to the leaf surface (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis ABCG34 contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens by mediating the secretion of camalexin

Khare

Choi

Huh

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Plant pathogens cause huge yield losses. Plant defense often depends on toxic secondary metabolites that inhibit pathogen growth. Because most secondary metabolites are also toxic to the plant, specific transporters are needed to deliver them to the pathogens. To identify the transporters that function in plant defense, we screened Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of full-size ABCG transporters for hypersensitivity to sclareol, an antifungal compound. We found that atabcg34 mutants were hypersensitive to sclareol and to the necrotrophic fungi Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea. AtABCG34 expression was induced by A. brassicicola inoculation as well as by methyl-jasmonate, a defense-related phytohormone, and AtABCG34 was polarly localized at the external face of the plasma membrane of epidermal cells of leaves and roots. atabcg34 mutants secreted less camalexin, a major phytoalexin in A. thaliana, whereas plants overexpressing AtABCG34 secreted more camalexin to the leaf surface and were more resistant to the pathogen. When treated with exogenous camalexin, atabcg34 mutants exhibited hypersensitivity, whereas BY2 cells expressing AtABCG34 exhibited improved resistance. Analyses of natural Arabidopsis accessions revealed that AtABCG34 contributes to the disease resistance in naturally occurring genetic variants, albeit to a small extent. Together, our data suggest that AtABCG34 mediates camalexin secretion to the leaf surface and thereby prevents A. brassicicola infection.AtABCG34 | ABC transporters | camalexin | A. brassicicola | B. cinerea P lants are exposed to a multitude of pathogens, but they usually resist infection by using their unique defense systems and compounds, including secondary metabolites produced either constitutively (phytoanticipins) or in response to pathogen attack (phytoalexins). Plants produce tens of thousands of secondary metabolites, which are classified as phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glucosides, and betanins. Secondary metabolites are secreted from the infected cells and their surrounding cells after pathogen attack or are released, hydrolyzed, and become toxic when the cells are destroyed by pathogens (1), thus inhibiting pathogen growth on the plant. Many secondary metabolites are dangerous to the plants because of their toxicity to cellular metabolism. To avoid self-toxicity, plants either secrete these compounds to the leaf surface or sequester them in the vacuole, a compartment with low metabolic activity. In both cases, specific transporters are required either to deliver the secondary metabolites to the site where the pathogens are located or to store them as weapons against pathogen attack.Several full-size ABCG transporters are involved in the transport of secondary metabolites. Nicotiana plumbaginifolia PDR1/ABC1 and Nicotiana tabacum PDR1 are induced by jasmonate, a defense-related hormone highly expressed in the leaf epidermal cells and trichomes, and transport sclareol, a diterpene alcohol secreted by Nicotiana species in response to p...

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“…CsPDR8 and CsPDR12 were related to the hormone response of cucumber [72]. StPDR2 conferred resistance to the biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato [73], and PhPDR2 was identi ed as a petuniasterone transporter in leaves and trichomes of Petunia hybrida [74]. Four PDR genes have been identi ed in tobacco, amongst which, NpABC1 and NtPDR1 were involved in the secretion of antifungal terpenoids [75,76].…”

Section: Abcg Subfamilymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporters sheds light on the genes related to bioactive metabolite transportation in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been found in plants and play important roles in metabolic transport in cells, which affect the subcellular compartmentalisation and tissue distribution of these compounds in particular. The dry roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a widely used medicinal plant, known as Danshen in traditional Chinese medicine, contain biologically active secondary metabolites of tanshinone and salvianolic acid. Given an assembled and annotated genome and a set of transcriptome data of S. miltiorrhiza, we analysed and identified the candidate genes that likely involved in the bioactive metabolite transportation of this medicinal plant, starting with the members of the ABC transporter family.Results: A total of 114 genes encoding ABC transporters were identified in the genome of S. miltiorrhiza. All the ABC genes were divided into eight subfamilies, including 3ABCA, 31ABCB, 14ABCC, 2ABCD, 1ABCE, 7ABCF, 46ABCG and 10 ABCI. Gene expressional profiling analysis revealed the tissue-specific expression profiles of these ABC transporters, particularly the highly expressed transporters in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza, which might be involved in transporting bioactive compounds of this medicinal plant. Notably, 18 genes that were highly expressed in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza were selected and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to determine the co-expression profiling of these candidate genes with the key enzyme genes involved in the tanshinone and salvianolic acid biosynthetic pathways. Finally, three ABC genes (SMil_00020022, SMil_00010949, SMil_00027268) and one gene (SMil_00016361) might be involved in tanshinone and salvianolic acid transport in cells, respectively. In addition, the biological functions of S. miltiorrhiza ABC transporters were predicted on the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and expressional profile exploration, including the transportation of lipids, hormones, ions and primary metabolites.Conclusions: Our systematic analyses on the ABC transporters in S. miltiorrhiza provided information on ABC proteins for the first time and revealed the candidate transporters involved in the bioactive compound transportation of this medicinal plant. The genome-wide identification, transcriptome profile analysis and their phylogenetic relationships would provide a new perspective on the function of ABC transporters in S. miltiorrhiza.

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Petunia hybrida PDR2 is involved in herbivore defense by controlling steroidal contents in trichomes

Cited by 38 publications

References 84 publications

Phytochemical Shift from Condensed Tannins to Flavonoids in Transgenic Betula pendula Decreases Consumption and Growth but Improves Growth Efficiency of Epirrita autumnata Larvae

Phytochemical Shift from Condensed Tannins to Flavonoids in Transgenic Betula pendula Decreases Consumption and Growth but Improves Growth Efficiency of Epirrita autumnata Larvae

Arabidopsis ABCG34 contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens by mediating the secretion of camalexin

Genome-wide analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporters sheds light on the genes related to bioactive metabolite transportation in Salvia miltiorrhiza

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