Persea americanaGlycolic Extract:In VitroStudy of Antimicrobial Activity againstCandida albicansBiofilm and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

Abstract

This study evaluated the antifungal activity of Persea americana extract on Candida albicans biofilm and its cytotoxicity in macrophage culture (RAW 264.7). To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), microdilution in broth (CLSI M27-S4 protocol) was performed. Thereafter, the concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL ( = 10) with 5 min exposure were analyzed on mature biofilm in microplate wells for 48 h. Saline was used as control ( = 10). After treatment, biofilm cells were scraped off and dilutions were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. After incubation (37 ∘ C/48 h), the values of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were converted to log 10 and analyzed (ANOVA and Tukey test, 5%). The cytotoxicity of the P. americana extract was evaluated on macrophages by MTT assay. The MIC of the extract was 6.25 mg/mL and with 12.5 mg/mL there was elimination of 100% of planktonic cultures. Regarding the biofilms, a significant reduction ( < 0.001) of the biofilm at concentrations of 50 (0.580 ± 0.209 log 10 ), 100 (0.998 ± 0.508 log 10 ), and 200 mg/mL (1.093 ± 0.462 log 10 ) was observed. The concentrations of 200 and 100 mg/mL were cytotoxic for macrophages, while the concentrations of 50, 25, and 12.5 mg/mL showed viability higher than 55%.

Plant species used in Brazil and Asia regions with toxic properties

“…In contrast, the glycolic extract of the leaves of Persea Americana Mill. (Lauraceae) (abacateiro) decreased 55% RAW 264.7 cell viability (100 mg/ml) (Jesus et al, 2015). In another example, the IC 50 of the leaf hydroethanolic extract of A. sativum ranged from 1.46 μg/ml (casearin J) (Bou et al, 2014) to >2 mg/ml on L6 cells (Kadan et al, 2013).…”

Traditional Herbal Medicine in Mesoamerica: Toward Its Evidence Base for Improving Universal Health Coverage

“…(Continued) Antidiarrheal: significant, dose-dependent reduction in all 3 measures (water content in feces, frequency of defecation, enteropooling) of castor oil-induced diarrhea in rats after treatment with either chloroform or methanol leaf extract (100-200 mg/kg PO) (Christian et al, 2014). Anti-Helicobacter pylori: in vitro MIC of 7.5 mg/ml methanolic leaf extract (Castillo-Juaŕez et al, 2009 (Akinpelu et al, 2015), glycolic leaf extract (Jesus et al, 2015). Nutraceutical properties in relation to maternal health (Comerford et al, 2016), osteoarthritis (Christensen et al, 2008), and wound healing (Nayak et al, 2008).…”

Palta: compuestos bioactivos y sus potenciales beneficios en salud

“…Por otro lado, se postula que los extractos clorofórmicos de la semilla de este fruto pudiesen ser una potencial fuente de moléculas contra especies de microorganismos fármaco resistentes como Mycobacterium tuberculosis y de micobacterias no tuberculosas (NTM) 43 . Sumado a esto, se ha observado que el extracto glicólico de palta muestra una actividad antimicrobiana y antifúngica en macrófagos disminuyendo el biofilm de C. álbicans, ambos hallazgos obtenidos con una concentración de 50 mg/mL del extracto 44 . Por otro lado, los extractos cetónicos de la palta también tendrían actividad antimicrobiana contra M. Tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro 45 ; estos mismos extractos tendrían un potencial antilisterial (actividad contra listeria monocytogenes), siendo los más potentes los extractos derivados del metabolismo de este fruto, como persenona A, persenona C y AcO-aguacadenina, éste último es exclusivo de la semilla de palta 46 .…”