<i>Pepino mosaic virus</i>RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase POL Domain Is a Hypersensitive Response-Like Elicitor Shared by Necrotic and Mild Isolates

Sempere, Raquel Navarro; Gómez‐Aix, Cristina; Ruíz-Ramón, Fabiola; Gómez, Pedro Sánchez; Hasiów‐Jaroszewska, Beata; Sánchez-Pina, M. Amelia; Aranda, Miguel A.

doi:10.1094/phyto-10-15-0277-r

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In this context, it has been previously demonstrated that certain domains of viral proteins are essential for pathogenicity 28 , 30 . Similar necrosis-like symptoms were also observed in N. benthamiana overexpressing the TGB3 and polymerase domain of the RdRp protein of the pepino mosaic virus 31 . In the present study, we showed that 10 amino acids of the N-terminal region are essential for the development of necrotic symptoms, suggesting role in the symptom severity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

AV2 protein of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus promotes systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana and interacts with host Catalase2

Roshan

Kulshreshtha

Kumar

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV) is a whitefly-transmitted, bipartite begomovirus. Here, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of AV2 from a Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector accelerated systemic necrosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana. Furthermore, 10 amino acids from N-terminal region of AV2 were found to be associated with the systemic necrosis symptom/phenotype. Mutational studies of ToLCPalV infectious clones lacking the AV2 revealed that AV2 is essential for the systemic movement of DNA-A, symptom severity and viral DNA accumulation. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, Catalase2 (Cat2) was found to associate with AV2 protein. Further, silencing of Cat2 resulted in appearance of necrotic lesions on N. benthamiana and these plants were highly susceptible to ToLCPalV infection in comparison to control plants. Infection ToLCPalV on Solanum lycopersicum resulted in downregulation of Cat2 transcripts, followed by accumulation of ROS and stress marker transcripts. The AV2 protein also suppressed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the Phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene. Our results show that AV2 is essential for the pathogenicity, systemic movement and suppression of gene silencing in the host. Altogether, our findings suggest that interactions between AV2 and Cat2 might play a crucial role in the establishment of ToLCPalV infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

AV2 protein of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus promotes systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana and interacts with host Catalase2

Roshan

Kulshreshtha

Kumar

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, this single nucleotide substitution might have a great impact on the biological properties of the virus. At low temperatures, about 22–23 °C, necrotic isolates of the virus replicate faster and cause strong necrosis on plants, whereas at higher temperatures (above 25 °C) replication of these virus variants is slower and in consequence necrotic symptoms are not visible [44, 52]. Here we have shown that this necrotic mutation has a neutral effect on virus fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Overexpression of both TGB3 gene and the polymerase domain (POL) of the RdRp gene plays an important role in necrosis induction. The development of necrotic symptoms depends on virus accumulation level and can be modulated by tomato cultivar and environmental conditions [44]. Moreover, this single nucleotide substitution might have a great impact on the biological properties of the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-dependent mutational effects for Pepino mosaic virus in a natural host

et al. 2017

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Background Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is an emerging plant pathogen that infects tomatoes worldwide. Understanding the factors that influence its evolutionary success is essential for developing new control strategies that may be more robust against the evolution of new viral strains. One of these evolutionary factors is the distribution of mutational fitness effect (DMFE), that is, the fraction of mutations that are lethal, deleterious, neutral, and beneficial on a given viral strain and host species. The goal of this study was to characterize the DMFE of introduced nonsynonymous mutations on a mild isolate of PepMV from the Chilean 2 strain (PepMV-P22). Additionally, we also explored whether the fitness effect of a given mutation depends on the gene where it appears or on epistatic interactions with the genetic background. To address this latter possibility, a subset of mutations were also introduced in a mild isolate of the European strain (PepMV-P11) and the fitness of the resulting clones measured.ResultsA collection of 25 PepMV clones each containing a single nucleotide nonsynonymous substitution was created by site-directed mutagenesis and the fitness of each mutant was determined. PepMV-P22 genome showed a high degree of robustness against point mutations, with 80% of mutations being either neutral or even beneficial and only 20% being deleterious or lethal. We found that the effect of mutations strongly depended on the gene in which they were introduced. Mutations with the largest average beneficial effects were those affecting the RdRp gene, in contrast to mutations affecting TGB1 and CP genes, for which the average effects were deleterious. Moreover, significant epistatic interactions were observed between nonsynonymous mutations and the genetic background, meaning that the effect of a given nucleotide substitution on a particular genomic context cannot be predicted by knowing its effect in a different one.ConclusionsOur results indicated that PepMV genome has a surprisingly high robustness against mutations. We also found that fitness consequences of a given mutation differ between the two strains analyzed. This discovery suggests that the strength of selection, and thus the rates of evolution, vary among PepMV strains.

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“…PepMV symptom severity characteristics do not correlate with virus genotypes although enhanced symptom severity occurred upon mixed infections with PepMV mild and aggressive strains that belonged to different genotypes [ 27 ]. Environmental conditions, tomato cultivars and an enhanced virus accumulation are factors affecting symptom severity [ 28 ]. In addition, nonsynonymous nucleotide sequence variations have been shown to differentiate between aggressive and mild/attenuated PepMV strains [ 24 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Contributes to Enhanced Pepino Mosaic Virus Titers in Tomato Plants

Klap

Luria

Smith

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The tobamovirus tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), a major threat to tomato production worldwide, has recently been documented in mixed infections with the potexvirus pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) CH2 strain in traded tomatoes in Israel. A study of greenhouse tomato plants in Israel revealed severe new viral disease symptoms including open unripe fruits and yellow patched leaves. PepMV was only detected in mixed infections with ToBRFV in all 104 tested sites, using serological and molecular analyses. Six PepMV isolates were identified, all had predicted amino acids characteristic of CH2 mild strains excluding an isoleucine at amino acid position 995 of the replicase. High-throughput sequencing of viral RNA extracted from four selected symptomatic plants showed solely the ToBRFV and PepMV, with total aligned read ratios of 40.61% and 11.73%, respectively, indicating prevalence of the viruses. Analyses of interactions between the co-infecting viruses by sequential and mixed viral inoculations of tomato plants, at various temperatures, showed a prominent increase in PepMV titers in ToBRFV pre-inoculated plants and in mixed-infected plants at 18–25 °C, compared to PepMV-single inoculations, as analyzed by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR tests. These results suggest that Israeli mild PepMV isolate infections, preceded by ToBRFV, could induce symptoms characteristic of PepMV aggressive strains.

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Pepino mosaic virusRNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase POL Domain Is a Hypersensitive Response-Like Elicitor Shared by Necrotic and Mild Isolates

Cited by 18 publications

References 66 publications

AV2 protein of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus promotes systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana and interacts with host Catalase2

AV2 protein of tomato leaf curl Palampur virus promotes systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana and interacts with host Catalase2

Strain-dependent mutational effects for Pepino mosaic virus in a natural host

Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Contributes to Enhanced Pepino Mosaic Virus Titers in Tomato Plants

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