<i>Pectin Methylesterase</i> Genes Influence Solid Wood Properties of <i>Eucalyptus pilularis</i>

Sexton, Timothy; Henry, Robert J.; Harwood, Chris; Thomas, Damon; McManus, Luke J.; Raymond, Carolyn A; Henson, Michael; Shepherd, Mervyn

doi:10.1104/pp.111.181602

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides), PtPME1 was expressed in developing woody tissues, and its overexpression decreased the DM and inhibited both symplastic and intrusive growth of wood fiber cells (Siedlecka et al 2008). Interestingly, in a very distinct model, it was shown that PMEs are likely to influence solid wood properties in Eucalyptus, shedding new light on putative additional functions of PMEs (Sexton et al 2012).…”

Section: Stem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Tuning of pectin methylesterification: consequences for cell wall biomechanics and development

Levesque-Tremblay

Pelloux

Braybrook

et al. 2015

Planta

205

151

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Recent publications have increased our knowledge of how pectin composition and the degree of homogalacturonan methylesterification impact the biochemical and biomechanical properties of plant cell walls, plant development, and plants' interactions with their abiotic and biotic environments. Experimental observations have shown that the relationships between the DM, the pattern of de-methylesterificaton, its effect on cell wall elasticity, other biomechanical parameters, and growth are not straightforward. Working towards a detailed understanding of these relationships at single cell resolution is one of the big tasks of pectin research. Pectins are highly complex polysaccharides abundant in plant primary cell walls. New analytical and microscopy techniques are revealing the composition and mechanical properties of the cell wall and increasing our knowledge on the topic. Progress in plant physiological research supports a link between cell wall pectin modifications and plant development and interactions with the environment. Homogalacturonan pectins, which are major components of the primary cell wall, have a potential for modifications such as methylesterification, as well as an ability to form cross-linked structures with divalent cations. This contributes to changing the mechanical properties of the cell wall. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the pectin component homogalacturonan, including its synthesis, modification, regulation and role in the plant cell wall.

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Section: Stem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 96%

Tuning of pectin methylesterification: consequences for cell wall biomechanics and development

Levesque-Tremblay

Pelloux

Braybrook

et al. 2015

Planta

205

151

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“…There are only few studies in Eucalyptus where candidate genes underlying wood quality traits have been analyzed using QTL approaches (Gion et al 2000;Gion et al 2001;Freeman et al 2009;Thumma et al 2010;Gion et al 2011;Sexton et al 2012). These studies have shown the cosegregation of QTLs simultaneously involved both in chemical as well as physical properties, thus suggesting that genomic regions may be organized in clusters of genes with independent effects on different wood properties or that there are some key genes with pleiotropic effects (Gion et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microsatellite markers in candidate genes for wood properties and its application in functional diversity assessment in Eucalyptus globulus

Acuña¹,

Villalba²,

García³

et al. 2012

Electro Journal of Biotech

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Background: Functional genetic markers have important implications for genetic analysis by providing direct estimation of functional diversity. Although high throughput sequencing techniques for functional diversity analysis are being developed nowadays, the use of already well established variable markers present in candidate genes is still an interesting alternative for mapping purposes and functional diversity studies. SSR markers are routinely used in most plant and animal breeding programs for many species including Eucalyptus. SSR markers derived from candidate genes (SSR-CG) can be used effectively in co-segregation studies and marker-assisted diversity management. Results: In the present study, eight new non reported SSRs were identified in seven candidate genes for wood properties in Eucalyptus globulus: cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR), homocysteine Smethyltransferase (HMT), shikimate kinase (SK), xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 2 (XTH2), cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the transcription factor LIM1. Microsatellites were located in promoters, introns and exons, being most of them CT dinucleotide repeats. Genetic diversity of these eight CG-derived SSR-markers was explored in 54 unrelated genotypes. Except for XTH2, high levels of polymorphism were detected: 93 alleles (mean of 13.1 sd 1.6 alleles per locus), a mean effective number of alleles (Ne) of 5.4 (sd 1.6), polymorphic information content values (PIC) from 0.617 to 0.855 and probability of Identity (PI) ranging from 0.030 to 0.151. Conclusions: This is the first report on the identification, characterization and diversity analysis of microsatellite markers located inside wood quality candidate genes (CG) from Eucalyptus globulus. This set of markers is then appropriate for characterizing genetic variation, with potential usefulness for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in different eucalypts genetic pedigrees and other applications such as fingerprinting and marker assisted diversity management.

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“…In recent years, association mapping has emerged as a powerful tool for identification of variation associated with quantitative traits (Yu et al 2013). This approach is well suited to forest tree populations because of the general lack of significant population structure and the rapid decay of LD (Neale and Savolainen 2004;Neale and Kremer 2011;Sexton et al 2012). What's more, many tree species can easily be cloned, allowing for high precision phenotyping and replication across multiple environments (Ingvarsson 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in a cellulose synthase gene (PtoCesA3) are associated with growth and wood properties in Populus tomentosa

Tian

et al. 2014

Planta

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In plants, the composition and organization of the cell wall determine cell shape, enable cell expansion, and affect the properties of woody tissues. Cellulose synthase (CesA) genes encode the enzymes involved in the synthesis of cellulose which is the major component of plant primary and secondary cell walls. Here, we isolated a full-length PtoCesA3 cDNA from the stem cambium tissue of Populus tomentosa. Tissue-specific expression profiling showed that PtoCesA3 is highly expressed during primary cell wall formation. Estimation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity and linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed that PtoCesA3 harbors high SNP diversity (π(T) = 0.00995 and θ(w) = 0.0102) and low LD (r(2) ≥ 0.1, within 1,280 bp). Association analysis in a P. tomentosa association population (460 individuals) showed that seven SNPs (false discovery rate Q < 0.10) and five haplotypes (Q < 0.10) were significantly associated with growth and wood properties, explaining 4.09-7.02% of the phenotypic variance. All significant marker-trait associations were validated in at least one of the three smaller subsets (climatic regions) while five associations were repeated in the linkage population. Variation in RNA transcript abundance among genotypic classes of significant loci was also confirmed in the association or linkage populations. Identification of PtoCesA3 and examining its allelic polymorphisms using association studies open an avenue to understand the mechanism of cellulose synthesis in the primary cell wall and its effects on the properties of woody tissues.

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Pectin Methylesterase Genes Influence Solid Wood Properties of Eucalyptus pilularis

Cited by 42 publications

References 48 publications

Tuning of pectin methylesterification: consequences for cell wall biomechanics and development

Tuning of pectin methylesterification: consequences for cell wall biomechanics and development

Microsatellite markers in candidate genes for wood properties and its application in functional diversity assessment in Eucalyptus globulus

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in a cellulose synthase gene (PtoCesA3) are associated with growth and wood properties in Populus tomentosa

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