<i>Paramecium</i> swimming in capillary tube

Jana, Saikat; Um, Soong Ho; Jung, Sunghwan

doi:10.1063/1.4704792

Cited by 56 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We will first provide a brief summary of wall effects reported so far in the literature before discussing our results. The fact that the wall enhances motility is reported in several papers [12,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. However, we must stress, as we found, that this is not always true.…”

Section: On the Non Monotonous Behavior Of The Swimmer Velocity Ascontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…• The confinement was found to enhance the swimming speed in several previous studies [12,[43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far most of the studies have been directed towards organisms employing flagellum and cilium activity. Some typical examples are spermatozoa [3,4], bacteria such as E. coli [5,6] and Bacillus subtilis [7] (examples of the so-called pusher), algae like Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (an example of puller) [4,[8][9][10], Volvox [8,11] and Paramecium [12,13] (examples of neutral swimmers). There has also been great interest in designing artificial microswimmers driven by different external fields, such as a rotating magnetic field [14], a catalytic reaction field [15], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amoeboid swimming in a channel

Farutin

et al. 2016

Soft Matter

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Several micro-organisms, such as bacteria, algae, or spermatozoa, use flagellar or ciliary activity to swim in a fluid, while many other micro-organisms instead use ample shape deformation, described as amoeboid, to propel themselves by either crawling on a substrate or swimming. Many eukaryotic cells were believed to require an underlying substratum to migrate (crawl) by using membrane deformation (like blebbing or generation of lamellipodia) but there is now increasing evidence that a large variety of cells (including those of the immune system) can migrate without the assistance of focal adhesion, allowing them to swim as efficiently as they can crawl. This paper details the analysis of amoeboid swimming in a confined fluid by modeling the swimmer as an inextensible membrane deploying local active forces (with zero total force and torque). The swimmer displays a rich behavior: it may settle into a straight trajectory in the channel or navigate from one wall to the other depending on its confinement. The nature of the swimmer is also found to be affected by confinement: the swimmer can behave, on the average over one swimming cycle, as a pusher at low confinement, and becomes a puller at higher confinement, or vice versa. The swimmer's nature is thus not an intrinsic property. The scaling of the swimmer velocity V with the force amplitude A is analyzed in detail showing that at small enough A, V ∼ A 2 /η 2 (where η is the viscosity of the ambient fluid), whereas at large enough A, V is independent of the force and is determined solely by the stroke cycle frequency and swimmer size. This finding starkly contrasts with currently known results found from swimming models where motion is based on ciliary and flagellar activity, where V ∼ A/η. To conclude, two definitions of efficiency as put forward in the literature are analyzed with distinct outcomes. We find that one type of efficiency has an optimum as a function of confinement while the other does not. Future perspectives are outlined.

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Section: On the Non Monotonous Behavior Of The Swimmer Velocity Ascontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…• The confinement was found to enhance the swimming speed in several previous studies [12,[43][44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amoeboid swimming in a channel

Farutin

et al. 2016

Soft Matter

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“…3 [28]. The implications of the organism's ability to exhibit two varieties of fluid current are, although unsurprising given the physiological states they represent, important observations for those involved in the design of biomimetic micro-and nano-machines, considering that cilia-like nano-motors have recently been described as a feasible technology [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle sorting by Paramecium cilia arrays

et al. 2017

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Motile cilia are cell-surface organelles whose purposes, in ciliated protists and certain ciliated vertebrate epithelia, include generating fluid flow, sensing and substance uptake. Certain properties of cilia arrays, such as beating synchronisation and manipulation of external proximate particulate matter, are considered emergent, but remain incompletely characterised despite these phenomena having being the subject of extensive modelling. This study constitutes a laboratory experimental characterisation of one of the emergent properties of motile cilia: manipulation of adjacent particulates. The work demonstrates through automated videomicrographic particle tracking that interactions between microparticles and somatic cilia arrays of the ciliated model organism Paramecium caudatum constitute a form of rudimentary 'sorting'. Small particles are drawn into the organism's proximity by ciliainduced fluid currents at all times, whereas larger particles may be held immobile at a distance from the cell margin when the cell generates characteristic feeding currents in the surrounding media. These findings can contribute to the design and fabrication of biomimetic cilia, with potential applications to the study of ciliopathies.

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“…Remarkably, increasing their buoyancy can lead to ∼100% trapping at lower surfaces. A model of Paramecia in surface contact passively responding to external torques quantitatively accounts for the data implying that interactions with a planar surface do not engage their mechanosensing network and illuminating how their trapping differs from other smaller microorganisms.Swimming organisms interact with surfaces as they negotiate their environs [1][2][3][4][5]. Higher organisms, such as fish, use whiskers, eyes, and other means to detect obstacles that they actively avoid by adjusting their swimming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping of Swimming Microorganisms at Lower Surfaces by Increasing Buoyancy

2014

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Models suggest that mechanical interactions alone can trap swimming microorganisms at surfaces. Testing them requires a method for varying the mechanical interactions. We tuned contact forces between Paramecia and surfaces in situ by varying their buoyancy with nonuniform magnetic fields. Remarkably, increasing their buoyancy can lead to ∼100% trapping at lower surfaces. A model of Paramecia in surface contact passively responding to external torques quantitatively accounts for the data implying that interactions with a planar surface do not engage their mechanosensing network and illuminating how their trapping differs from other smaller microorganisms.

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Paramecium swimming in capillary tube

Cited by 56 publications

References 33 publications

Amoeboid swimming in a channel

Amoeboid swimming in a channel

Particle sorting by Paramecium cilia arrays

Trapping of Swimming Microorganisms at Lower Surfaces by Increasing Buoyancy

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