<i>PAPC</i>couples the Segmentation Clock to somite morphogenesis by regulating N-cadherin dependent adhesion

Chal, Jérome; Guillot, Charlène; Pourquié, Olivier

doi:10.1101/071084

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Following this pioneering work, cyclic genes showing periodic expression patterns were identified in other vertebrates such as mouse, fish as well as in invertebrates such as Tribolium, suggesting that the segmentation clock might represent a component of an ancestral segmentation system (Forsberg et al, 1998, Holley et al, 2000, Sarrazin et al, 2012. Cyclic genes downstream of other pathways such as SNAIL2 and PAPC or AXIN2 which are downstream of FGF and Wnt signaling respectively were also identified in chicken embryos (Chal et al, 2017, Dale et al, 2006, Krol et al, 2011.…”

Section: Somite Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somite formation in the chicken embryo

Pourquié¹

2018

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Somites are epithelial blocks of paraxial mesoderm that define the vertebrate embryonic segments. They are responsible for imposing the metameric pattern observed in many tissues of the adult such as the vertebrae, and they give rise to most of the axial skeleton and skeletal muscles of the trunk. Due to its easy accessibility in the egg, the chicken embryo has provided an ideal model to study somite development. Somites were first described in the chicken embryo by Malpighi in the 17 century, soon after the invention of the microscope. Most of the major concepts relating to somite segmentation and differentiation result from studies performed in the chicken embryo (Brand-Saberi and Christ, 2000). In this review, we will discuss how studies on somites in avian embryos have contributed to our understanding of key developmental processes such as segmentation, control of bilateral symmetry or axis regionalization.

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Section: Somite Segmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somite formation in the chicken embryo

Pourquié¹

2018

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…3j). Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions play pivotal roles in 72 morphogenesis, with important functions for (proto)cadherins, ephrins and integrins in tissue 73 formation and organogenesis [18][19][20][21][22][23] . GSEA indeed revealed an enrichment of cell adhesion terms 74 and overall a significant upregulation of corresponding marker genes in TLS ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…elongated and formed a T mCH+ pole at the posterior end, with segmentation occurring in about 23 half the TLS (Fig. 1c).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse embryonic stem cells self-organize into trunk-like structures with neural tube and somites

Veenvliet

Bolondi

Kretzmer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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One sentence summary: A platform for generating trunk-like-structures with precursors of spinal cord, bone and muscle from stem cells in a dish Abstract: Post-implantation embryogenesis is a highly dynamic process comprising multiple lineage decisions and morphogenetic changes inaccessible to deep analysis in vivo. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can form aggregates reflecting the post-occipital embryo (gastruloids), but lacking proper morphogenesis. Here we show that embedding of aggregates derived from mESCs in an extracellular matrix compound results in Trunk-Like-Structures (TLS) with a high level of organization comprising a neural tube and somites. Comparative single-cell RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that TLS execute gene-regulatory programs in an embryo-like order, and generate primordial germ cell like cells (PGCLCs). TLS lacking Tbx6 form ectopic neural tubes, mirroring the embryonic mutant phenotype. ESC-derived trunk-like structures thus constitute a novel powerful in vitro platform for investigating lineage decisions and morphogenetic processes shaping the post-implantation embryo.2 Vertebrate post-implantation development comprises a multitude of complex morphogenetic 1 processes, which result from self-organization of stem cells and their descendants shaping the 2 embryonic body plan 1 . Recently developed stem cell models represent powerful platforms for 3 deconstructing the dynamics of these processes that are inaccessible in the embryo 1, 2 . The 4 most advanced models in terms of developmental stage accomplished so far are gastruloids 2,3 , 5 aggregates of mESCs able to self-organize into the three body axes 3 . However, gastruloids lack 6 proper morphogenesis, such as a failure of neural tube formation from neural cells or somite 7 condensation from presomitic cells 3 . In vivo, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has a critical role in 8 tissue morphogenesis 4 . In vitro, matrigel can serve as ECM surrogate, and culture media 9 supplemented with a low percentage of matrigel have been shown to induce complex 10 morphogenesis in organoids 5 . 11We therefore explored if embryo-like morphogenetic features could be induced by 12 embedding 96h post aggregation gastruloids in 5% matrigel for an additional 24h period ( Fig. 13 1a). We also tested a combination of matrigel together with the WNT signaling activator 14 CHIR99021 (CHIR) and the BMP signaling inhibitor LDN193189 (LDN), that have been reported 15 to induce a (pre-)somitic mesoderm ((P)SM) fate in 2D and 3D differentiation protocols 6-8 . To 16 facilitate high-throughput characterization and quantification of our conditions, we generated 17 mESCs with T::H2B-mCherry (hereafter T mCH ) and Sox2::H2B-Venus (hereafter Sox2 VE ) reporters, 18 marking the mesodermal (ME) or neural (NE) lineage respectively (Extended Data Fig. 1a). 19 Strikingly, embedding in 5% matrigel alone was sufficient for segmentation in the T mCH+ ME 20 domain and formation of a Sox2 VE+ neural tube like structure ( Fig. 1b,d; Extended Data Fig. 21 1b,c). The vast majorit...

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“…Previously, this model was shown to accurately simulate, in a one-dimensional interval, the morphogenesis of condensations and the conditions of their formation on the basis of a reaction-diffusion-adhesion pattern-forming instability (Glimm et al, 2014 , representing the phase of the Hes1 cycle, and made the cell response to the adhesive function of Gal-1A ("adhesion flux") depend on it (see further description of the model in Materials and methods). This extended model was devised in analogy to the hypothesized clock-and-wavefront mechanism of somitogenesis, where the epithelization of somatic plate mesoderm occurs only during a specific phase range of the Hes1 cycle (Palmeirim et al, 1997;(Aulehla and Pourquie, 2006;Chal et al, 2017).…”

Section: An Empirically Based Mathematical Model Predicts the Role Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronization of Hes1 oscillations coordinate and refine condensation formation and patterning of the avian limb skeleton

Bhat

Glimm

Linde‐Medina

et al. 2017

Preprint

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The tetrapod appendicular skeleton develops from a cartilage template that is prefigured oscillations and led to irregularly-sized and fused condensations in vitro. In developing limb buds in ovo, it led to spatially non-uniform Hes1 expression and fused and misshapen digits. Finally, the previously described sharpening effect of FGF2 on the condensation pattern was correlated with its enhancement of Hes1 synchronization.Together our experimental and computational results suggest that the two-galectin reaction-diffusion-adhesion network that patterns the avian limb skeleton is regulated by the Notch pathway. Moreover, global coordination of this pathway by synchronization of Hes1 oscillations across the tissue micromass in vitro or the digital plate in vivo refines and regularizes morphogenesis of the skeletal elements.

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PAPCcouples the Segmentation Clock to somite morphogenesis by regulating N-cadherin dependent adhesion

Abstract: SUMMARY

Cited by 10 publications

References 77 publications

Somite formation in the chicken embryo

Somite formation in the chicken embryo

Mouse embryonic stem cells self-organize into trunk-like structures with neural tube and somites

Synchronization of Hes1 oscillations coordinate and refine condensation formation and patterning of the avian limb skeleton

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