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            -Values, Bayes Factors, and Sufficiency

Rougier, Jonathan

doi:10.1080/00031305.2018.1502684

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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is considered to confirm statistical significance. We used the stricter threshold of statistical significance to reduce the number of possible false detected differences [ 49 , 50 ]. All p -values below this threshold are marked in bold.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in EEG Alpha Activity during Attention Control in Patients: Association with Sleep Disorders

Runnova

Selskii

Kiselev

et al. 2021

JPM

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We aimed to assess which quantitative EEG changes during daytime testing in patients with sleep disorder (primary insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness groups). All experimental study participants were subjected to a long-term test for maintaining attention to sound stimuli, and their EEGs were recorded and then processed, using wavelet analysis, in order to estimate the power and frequency structure of alpha activity. In healthy subjects, the maximum increase in the alpha rhythm occurred near 9 Hz. Patients with primary insomnia were characterized by an increase in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm near 11 Hz. For subjects with sleep disorders, an increase in the amplitude of the alpha rhythm was observed in the entire frequency range (7.5–12.5 Hz), with a maximum increase at 9–10 Hz. Significant differences (p≤0.001) for changes in the alpha rhythm dynamics in the course of performing the attention test were observed in the frequency range of 7.5–10.5 Hz between the control group and patients with sleep disorders. The ratios of the alpha rhythm power values for passive stages with closed eyes before and after active stage were significantly different among the groups of healthy sleep volunteers, patients with primary insomnia, and patients with impaired sleep hygiene within the range of 9.5 to 12.5 Hz. The results of the current study supported the notion of a 24-h hyperarousal in primary insomnia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in EEG Alpha Activity during Attention Control in Patients: Association with Sleep Disorders

Runnova

Selskii

Kiselev

et al. 2021

JPM

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show abstract

“…Among psychology researchers, classical null hypothesis significance testing that generates p values is the best known and most widely used method. There are other inference methods, including Bayesian estimation and interval estimation with effect sizes (Calin-Jagemen & Cumming, 2019;Rougier, 2019), but the reporting of p values is predominant in the psychology research literature. Thus, it is no surprise that many, if not most, questionable data analysis practices involve the misuse or misinterpretation of p values.…”

Section: Hard Versus Soft Questionable Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questionable practices in statistical analysis.

Kline¹

2023

APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology: Data Analysis and Research Publication (Vol. 3) (2nd Ed.).

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“…Kennedy-Shaffer (2019) contrasts the frequentist and Bayesian inferential frameworks from a historical perspective. Rougier (2019) shows that under certain context, the p-value is never greater than the Bayes factor through an inequality based on the generalized likelihood ratio. Johnson (2019) compares the likelihood ratio test and Bayes factor in the context of a marginally significant t-test and suggests a more stringent standard of evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demystify Lindley's Paradox by Interpreting P-value as Posterior Probability

Yin,

Shi

2020

Preprint

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In the hypothesis testing framework, p-value is often computed to determine rejection of the null hypothesis or not. On the other hand, Bayesian approaches typically compute the posterior probability of the null hypothesis to evaluate its plausibility. We revisit Lindley's paradox (Lindley, 1957) and demystify the conflicting results between Bayesian and frequentist hypothesis testing procedures by casting a two-sided hypothesis as a combination of two one-sided hypotheses along the opposite directions. This can naturally circumvent the ambiguities of assigning a point mass to the null and choices of using local or non-local prior distributions. As p-value solely depends on the observed data without incorporating any prior information, we consider non-informative prior distributions for fair comparisons with p-value. The equivalence of p-value and the Bayesian posterior probability of the null hypothesis can be established to reconcile Lindley's paradox. Extensive simulation studies are conducted with multivariate normal data and random effects models to examine the relationship between the p-value and posterior probability.

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p -Values, Bayes Factors, and Sufficiency

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Changes in EEG Alpha Activity during Attention Control in Patients: Association with Sleep Disorders

Changes in EEG Alpha Activity during Attention Control in Patients: Association with Sleep Disorders

Questionable practices in statistical analysis.

Demystify Lindley's Paradox by Interpreting P-value as Posterior Probability

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