<i>OsMADS50</i>and<i>OsMADS56</i>function antagonistically in regulating long day (LD)‐dependent flowering in rice

Ryu, Choong Hwan; Lee, Shin-Young; Cho, Lae-Hyeon; Kim, Song Lim; Lee, Yang-Seok; Choi, Sang Chul; Jeong, Hee Jeong; Yi, Jakyung; Park, Soon Ju; Han, Chang‐deok; An, Gynheung

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02008.x

Cited by 181 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to ZMM26, the expression of ZmMADS1 in leaves was regulated by daylength, with an expression maximum at dawn under both SD and LD conditions. This pattern was in accordance with the expression profiles of the homologous rice FTi regulators OsMADS50 and OsMADS56, which also were demonstrated to be diurnally regulated (Ryu et al, 2009). ZmMADS1 was shown recently to induce an early-flowering phenotype when ectopically overexpressed in Arabidopsis under LD conditions, and it leads to up-regulation of the TFs AtLEAFY and AtAP1.…”

Section: Zmmads1 Is Functionally Conserved To Soc1 and Acts As An Ftisupporting

confidence: 82%

Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1

Alter

Bircheneder²,

Zhou³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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Flowering time (FTi) control is well examined in the long-day plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and increasing knowledge is available for the short-day plant rice (Oryza sativa). In contrast, little is known in the day-neutral and agronomically important crop plant maize (Zea mays). To learn more about FTi and to identify novel regulators in this species, we first compared the time points of floral transition of almost 30 maize inbred lines and show that tropical lines exhibit a delay in flowering transition of more than 3 weeks under long-day conditions compared with European flint lines adapted to temperate climate zones. We further analyzed the leaf transcriptomes of four lines that exhibit strong differences in flowering transition to identify new key players of the flowering control network in maize. We found strong differences among regulated genes between these lines and thus assume that the regulation of FTi is very complex in maize. Especially genes encoding MADS box transcriptional regulators are up-regulated in leaves during the meristem transition. ZmMADS1 was selected for functional studies. We demonstrate that it represents a functional ortholog of the central FTi integrator SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) of Arabidopsis. RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of ZmMADS1 resulted in a delay of FTi in maize, while strong overexpression caused an early-flowering phenotype, indicating its role as a flowering activator. Taken together, we report that ZmMADS1 represents a positive FTi regulator that shares an evolutionarily conserved function with SOC1 and may now serve as an ideal stating point to study the integration and variation of FTi pathways also in maize.Flowering time (FTi) in crops is an important agronomical trait critical for harvesting date, biomass yield, crop rotation schemes, and terminal drought avoidance (Jung and Müller, 2009;Bendix et al., 2015). For flowering, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) has to change from vegetative to generative growth, a process called the floral transition. This process is controlled by various key players representing components of different signaling pathways triggered by both external and endogenous factors. The main environmental influence on FTi is derived from photoperiods or daylength as well as temperature. Unlike Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and some winter-annual crops like wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) that require vernalization by cold temperature periods for floral induction, this does not seem to play an essential role for flowering in maize (Zea mays). Furthermore, during thousands of years of breeding history, cultivated temperate maize is thought to have lost its photoperiod sensitivity and is well adapted to growth under longday (LD) conditions. Tropical lines flower under shortday (SD) conditions and depend on photoperiods to flower (Colasanti and Coneva, 2009). Especially in temperate maize lines, endogenous signals related to the developmental stage of the plant appear to play t...

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Section: Zmmads1 Is Functionally Conserved To Soc1 and Acts As An Ftisupporting

confidence: 82%

Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1

Alter

Bircheneder²,

Zhou³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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“…Several key genes involved in the photoperiodic flowering regulatory pathway have been identified and characterized in rice, including Hd1, Hd3a, RFT1, Ehd1, Se5, RID1/Ehd2/OsId1, Ghd7, OsMADS50, DTH8/Ghd8, and Ehd3. These genes play important roles in the SD promotion, LD suppression and LD induction flowering pathways [3,5,6,[10][11][12][13][14]17,18,[20][21][22]24,25]. Genes involved in temperature regulation of flowering time have been identified in Arabidopsis, but little is yet known about this process in rice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between temperature and photoperiod in regulation of flowering time in rice

Song

Gao

Luan

2012

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Photoperiod and temperature are two pivotal regulatory factors of plant flowering. The floral transition of plants depends on accurate measurement of changes in photoperiod and temperature. The flowering time of rice (Oryza sativa) as a facultative short-day (SD) plant is delayed under long-day (LD) and/or low temperature conditions. To elucidate the regulatory functions of photoperiod and temperature on flowering time in rice, we systematically analyzed the expression and regulation of several key genes (Hd3a, RFT1, Ehd1, Ghd7, RID1/Ehd2/OsId1, Se5) involved in the photoperiodic flowering regulatory pathway under different temperature and photoperiod treatments using a photoperiod-insensitive mutant and wild type plants. Our results indicate that the Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 pathway is common to and conserved in both the photoperiodic and temperature flowering regulatory pathways. Expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 is dramatically reduced at low temperature (23°C), suggesting that suppression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 transcription is an essential cause of delayed flowering under low temperature condition. Under LD condition, Ghd7 mRNA levels are promoted at low temperature (23°C) compared with normal temperature condition (28°C), suggesting low temperature and LD treatment have a synergistic role in the expression of Ghd7. Therefore, upregulation of Ghd7 might be a crucial cause of delayed flowering under low temperature condition. We also analyzed Hd1 regulatory relationships in the photoperiodic flowering pathway, and found that Hd1 can negatively regulate Ehd1 transcription under LD condition. In addition, Hd1 can also positively regulate Ghd7 transcription under LD condition, suggesting that the heading-date of rice under LD condition is also regulated by the Hd1-Ghd7-Ehd1-RFT1 pathway. rice, photoperiod, temperature, flowering regulation, interaction Citation:Song Y L, Gao Z C, Luan W J. Interaction between temperature and photoperiod in regulation of flowering time in rice. Sci China Life Sci, 2012Sci, , 55: 241 -249, doi: 10.1007 Crop yields are strongly associated with flowering time. The floral transition of crops depends mainly on the accurate measurement of changes in day length (photoperiod) and temperature, which is regulated by both endogenous genes and environmental factors. Plants can perceive and respond to changes in photoperiod [1,2]. Recent molecular biological work reveals that the rice (Oryza sativa) genes Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and Rice FT-like 1 (RFT1), orthologs of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), encode florigens that can move from the leaf to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and induce flowering in plants [3][4][5]. Under short-day (SD) conditions, expression of Hd3a promotes rice flowering by the OsGI-Heading date 1(Hd1)-Hd3a pathway which is conserved with the GIGANTEA (GI)-CONSTANS (CO)-FT pathway in Arabidopsis [3,6,7]. In this pathway, Hd1 is an ortholog of CO in Arabidopsis, and encodes a transcription factor with a zinc finger domain, serving as a promoter of rice flowering under SD con...

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“…These data confirmed the developmental stages of the collected meristem samples. Other transcription factor genes previously shown to be involved in panicle development were found to be upregulated, including MADS56 (Ryu et al, 2009), SPL14 (Jiao et al, 2010;Miura et al, 2010), EATB (Ethyleneresponsive factor Associated with Tillering and panicle Branching) (Qi et al, 2011), AP2-39 (Yaish et al, 2010), and the GATA C2C2 zinc finger transcription factor gene (Os05g50270) (Wang et al, 2009a). Conversely, other transcription factor genes, such as MADS23 and MADS27 (which are AGL17 homologs), and a few AP2 genes (AP22-106, AP2-125, and AP2-33/IDS1 [INDETERMINATE SPIKELET1]) (Lee and An, 2012) were found to be among the downregulated genes in IM (Table 1).…”

Section: Sdg711 Is Involved In the Control Of Panicle Meristem Activimentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Histone Methylation and Reprogramming of Gene Expression in the Rice Inflorescence Meristem

et al. 2015

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Rice inflorescence meristem (IM) activity is essential for panicle development and grain production. How chromatin and epigenetic mechanisms regulate IM activity remains unclear. Genome-wide analysis revealed that in addition to genes involved in the vegetative to reproductive transition, many metabolic and protein synthetic genes were activated in IM compared with shoot apical meristem and that a change in the H3K27me3/H3K4me3 ratio was an important factor for the differential expression of many genes. Thousands of genes gained or lost H3K27me3 in IM, and downregulation of the H3K27 methyltransferase gene SET DOMAIN GROUP 711 (SDG711) or mutation of the H3K4 demethylase gene JMJ703 eliminated the increase of H3K27me3 in many genes. SDG711-mediated H3K27me3 repressed several important genes involved in IM activity and many genes that are silent in the IM but activated during floral organogenesis or other developmental stages. SDG711 overexpression augmented IM activity and increased panicle size; suppression of SDG711 by RNA interference had the opposite effect. Double knockdown/knockout of SDG711 and JMJ703 further reduced panicle size. These results suggest that SDG711 and JMJ703 have agonistic functions in reprogramming the H3K27me3/H3K4me3 ratio and modulating gene expression in the IM.

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OsMADS50andOsMADS56function antagonistically in regulating long day (LD)‐dependent flowering in rice

Cited by 181 publications

References 68 publications

Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1

Flowering Time-Regulated Genes in Maize Include the Transcription Factor ZmMADS1

Interaction between temperature and photoperiod in regulation of flowering time in rice

Regulation of Histone Methylation and Reprogramming of Gene Expression in the Rice Inflorescence Meristem

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