NuSTARANDXMM-NEWTONOBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS, HEAVILY OBSCURED,WISE-SELECTED QUASARS ATZ∼ 2

Stern, Daniel; Lansbury, G. B.; Assef, Roberto J.; Brandt, W. N.; Alexander, D. M.; Ballantyne, D. R.; Baloković, Mislav; Bauer, F. E.; Benford, Dominic J.; Blain, A. W.; Boggs, Steven E.; Bridge, Carrie; Brightman, Murray; Christensen, Finn Erland; Comastri, A.; Craig, W. W.; Moro, A. Del; Eisenhardt, Peter; Gandhi, P.; Griffith, R. L.; Hailey, Charles J.; Harrison, Fiona A.; Hickox, Ryan C.; Jarrett, T. H.; Koss, Michael; Lake, Sean E.; LaMassa, Stephanie; Luo, Birong; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Urry, C. Megan; Walton, D. J.; Wright, E. L.; Wu, Jingwen; Yan, Lin; Zhang, W. W.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/102

Cited by 113 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Hot DOGs are characterised by high luminosity (L bol 10 47 erg/s) and large obscuration (up to AV ∼ 50 mag). Indeed, X-ray observations indicate that Hot DOGs are powered by heavily obscured, possibly Compton-thick AGN (Stern et al 2014;Piconcelli et al 2015). In our picture, high column densities and heavy extinction are expected at early times, with A V,sh ∼ 10 − 50 mag corresponding to timescales of a few ∼ 10 5 yr ( Figure 3).…”

Section: Observational Samplesmentioning

confidence: 55%

AGN–starburst evolutionary connection: a physical interpretation based on radiative feedback

Ishibashi

Fabian

2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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Observations point towards a close connection between nuclear starbursts, active galactic nuclei (AGN), and outflow phenomena. An evolutionary sequence, starting from a dust-obscured ultra-luminous infrared galaxy and eventually leading to an unobscured optical quasar, has been proposed and discussed in the literature. AGN feedback is usually invoked to expel the obscuring gas and dust in a blow-out event, but the underlying physical mechanism remains unclear. We consider AGN feedback driven by radiation pressure on dust, which directly acts on the obscuring dusty gas. We obtain that radiative feedback can potentially disrupt dense gas in the infrared-optically thick regime, and that an increase in the dust-to-gas fraction leads to an increase in the effective Eddington ratio. Thus the more dusty gas is preferentially expelled by radiative feedback, and the central AGN is prone to efficiently remove its own obscuring dust cocoon. Large amounts of dust imply heavy obscuration but also powerful feedback, suggesting a causal link between dust obscuration and blow-out. In this picture, AGN feedback and starburst phenomena are intrinsically coupled through the production of dust in supernova explosions, leading to a natural interpretation of the observed evolutionary path.

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Section: Observational Samplesmentioning

confidence: 55%

AGN–starburst evolutionary connection: a physical interpretation based on radiative feedback

Ishibashi

Fabian

2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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“…5), and given that the mid-IR is largely independent of obscuration, a lower L X to L 5.8 ratio with respect to that observed for unobscured AGN suggests that the observed L X are affected by obscuration (e.g. Stern et al 2014). All the MIRO sources lie below these relations at values consistent with a heavily obscured absorber: the long-(short-) dashed line in Fig.…”

Section: Identikit Via Ancillary Datamentioning

confidence: 83%

SINFONI spectra of heavily obscured AGNs in COSMOS: Evidence of outflows in a MIR/O target atz~ 2.5

Perna

Brusa

Salvato

et al. 2015

A&A

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Aims. We present new data for four candidate obscured Compton-Thick (CT) quasars at z ∼ 1-2.5 observed with the SINFONI VLT spectrograph in adaptive optics (AO) mode. These sources were selected from a 24 µm Spitzer MIPS survey of the COSMOS field, on the basis of red mid-infrared to optical and optical to near-infrared colours, with the intention of identifying active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in dust enshrouded environments, where most of the black hole mass is assembled. Methods. Near-infrared spectra were analysed to check for emission line features and to search for broad components in the [OIII]-Hβ and Hα-[NII] regions. We also employed X-ray spectral analysis, radio and MIR diagnostics, and SED fitting to study the nature of the sources. Results. We successfully identified three objects for which we had only a photometric redshift estimate. Based on their emission line diagnostics and on ancillary multi-wavelength constraints, we find that all four targets harbour obscured AGNs. Broad profiles, which could be attributed to the effects of outflows, are revealed in only one target, MIRO20581. In particular, we clearly resolved a fast (∼1600 km s −1 ) and extended (∼5 kpc) outflow in the [OIII]5007 emission line. This feature, the commonly used indicator for ionised outflowing gas, was only sampled and detected for this target; hence, we cannot exclude the presence of outflows in the other sources. Overall, the constraints we obtain from our targets and from other comparative samples from the literature suggest that these optically faint luminous infrared galaxies, hosting obscured AGNs, may represent a brief evolutionary phase between the post-merger starburst and the unobscured quasar phases.

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“…More recently, R W 4 -, where W4 is the WISE flux at 22 μm, used in conjunction with nondetections in the WISE W1 (3.4 μm) and W2 bands (see Eisenhardt et al 2012;Wu et al 2012, andStern et al 2014 for a discussion of W W 1 2 -dropout sources), have been shown to identify extremely reddened Type 1 quasars (Yan et al 2013;Ross et al 2014), though such objects are rare and have a low space density. Additionally, infrared-only colors, such as Spitzer IRAC color selection Stern et al 2005;Donley et al 2012) and WISE W W 1 2 -color selection (Stern et al 2012;Assef et al 2013), have been adopted to identify both unobscured and obscured AGNs, including Type 2 AGNs locally and at highredshift and highluminosity (e.g., Lacy et al 2015), though these color selections work best at brighter fluxes since star-forming galaxy contamination becomes significant at fainter fluxes (Barmby et al 2006;Cardamone et al 2008;Donley et al 2008;Mateos 2012;Mendez et al 2013).…”

Section: Selecting Reddened Broad-lined Agnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On R − W1 as a Diagnostic to Discover Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei in Wide-Area X-Ray Surveys

LaMassa

Civano

Brusa

et al. 2016

ApJ

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Capitalizing on the all-sky coverage of WISEand the 35% and 50% sky coverage from Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Pan-STARRS, respectively, we explore the efficacy of-, as a color diagnostic to identify obscured supermassive black hole accretion in wide-area X-ray surveys. We use the ∼16.5 deg 2 Stripe 82 X-ray survey data as a testbed to compare R W1 -with R−K, an oft-used obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN) selection criterion, and examine where different classes of objects lie in this parameter space. Most stars follow a well-defined path in R−K versus R W1space. We demonstrate that optically normal galaxies hosting X-ray AGNs at redshifts z 0.5 1 < < can be recovered with an R W1 4 -> colorcut, while they typically are not selected as AGNs based on their W W 1 2 -colors. Additionally, different observed X-ray luminosity bins favor different regions in R W1 -parameter space: moderate-luminosity AGNs > -erg s −1 ) have bluer colors; higher spectroscopic completeness of the Stripe 82X sample is needed to determine whether this is a selection effect or an intrinsic property. Finally, we parameterize X-ray obscuration of Stripe 82X AGNs by calculating their hardness ratios (HRs) and find no clear trends between HR and optical reddening. Our results will help inform best-effort practices in followingup obscured AGN candidates in current and future wide-area, shallow X-ray surveys, including the all-sky eROSITA mission.

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NuSTARANDXMM-NEWTONOBSERVATIONS OF LUMINOUS, HEAVILY OBSCURED,WISE-SELECTED QUASARS ATZ∼ 2

Cited by 113 publications

References 60 publications

AGN–starburst evolutionary connection: a physical interpretation based on radiative feedback

AGN–starburst evolutionary connection: a physical interpretation based on radiative feedback

SINFONI spectra of heavily obscured AGNs in COSMOS: Evidence of outflows in a MIR/O target atz~ 2.5

On R − W1 as a Diagnostic to Discover Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei in Wide-Area X-Ray Surveys

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