<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Targeted Biomonitoring for GenX and Other Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Following Detection of Drinking Water Contamination — North Carolina, 2018

Pritchett, Jamie R.; Rinsky, Jessica L.; Dittman, B.; Christensen, Ariel; Langley, Ricky L.; Moore, Zack; Fleischauer, Aaron; Koehler, Kate; Calafat, Antònia M.; Rogers, Rachel; Esters, Laconial; Jenkins, Rodney; Collins, F. J. E.; Conner, Debra; Breysse, Patrick N.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6829a4

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2019 ). Similarly, in a study of 30 people whose private wells were contaminated with GenX at levels above the North Carolina provisional health goal of

( NC DHHS 2017 ) (and as high as

), the NC Department of Health and Human Services did not detect GenX in serum or urine ( Pritchett et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina

Kotlarz

McCord

Collier

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

142

110

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Background: From 1980 to 2017, a fluorochemical manufacturing facility discharged wastewater containing poorly understood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the Cape Fear River, the primary drinking water source for Wilmington, North Carolina, residents. Those PFAS included several fluoroethers including HFPO-DA also known as GenX. Little is known about the bioaccumulation potential of these fluoroethers. Objective: We determined levels of fluoroethers and legacy PFAS in serum samples from Wilmington residents. Methods: In November 2017 and May 2018, we enrolled 344 Wilmington residents of age into the GenX Exposure Study and collected blood samples. Repeated blood samples were collected from 44 participants 6 months after enrollment. We analyzed serum for 10 fluoroethers and 10 legacy PFAS using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 6 to 86 y, and they lived in the lower Cape Fear Region for 20 y on average (standard deviation: 16 y). Six fluoroethers were detected in serum; Nafion by-product 2, PFO4DA, and PFO5DoA were detected in of participants. PFO3OA and NVHOS were infrequently detected. Hydro-EVE was present in a subset of samples, but we could not quantify it. GenX was not detected above our analytical method reporting limit ( ). In participants with repeated samples, the median decrease in fluoroether levels ranged from 28% for PFO5DoA to 65% for PFO4DA in 6 months due to wastewater discharge control. Four legacy PFAS (PFHxS, PFOA, PFOS, PFNA) were detected in most ( ) participants; these levels were higher than U.S. national levels for the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sum concentration of fluoroethers contributed 24% to participants’ total serum PFAS (median: ). Conclusion: Poorly understood fluoroethers released into the Cape Fear River by a fluorochemical manufacturing facility were detected in blood samples from Wilmington, North Carolina, residents. Health implications of exposure to these novel PFAS have not been well characterized. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6837

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“…2019 ). Similarly, in a study of 30 people whose private wells were contaminated with GenX at levels above the North Carolina provisional health goal of

( NC DHHS 2017 ) (and as high as

), the NC Department of Health and Human Services did not detect GenX in serum or urine ( Pritchett et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina

Kotlarz

McCord

Collier

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

142

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In June 2017, GenX was detected in the Cape Fear River in eastern North Carolina, United States (Sun et al 2016). Further surveys nearby and downstream from a PFAS manufacturing facility detected GenX in air, private well water, and some local food products including oysters and honey (Pritchett et al 2019;Clabby 2018). Most importantly, GenX was detected in finished drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of GenX on P-Glycoprotein, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, and Multidrug Resistance–Associated Protein 2 at the Blood–Brain Barrier

Cannon

Richards

Trexler

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: Ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (GenX) is a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid in the production of fluoropolymers used in a variety of consumer products. GenX alters fetal development and antibody production and elicits toxic responses in the livers and kidneys of rodents. The GenX effect on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is unknown. The BBB protects the brain from xenobiotic neurotoxicants and harmful endogenous metabolites. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the effects of GenX on the transport activity and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) at the BBB. METHODS: Transporter activities were measured in isolated rat brain capillaries by a confocal microscopy-based method. ATPase (enzymatic hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate to inorganic phosphate) levels were measured in vitro. Western blotting determined P-gp and BCRP protein levels. Cell survival after GenX exposure was determined for two human cell lines. RESULTS: Nanomolar levels of GenX inhibited P-gp and BCRP but not MRP2 transport activities in male and female rat brain capillaries. P-gp transport activity returned to control levels after GenX removal. GenX did not reduce P-gp-or BCRP-associated ATPase activity in an in vitro transport assay system. Reductions of P-gp but not BCRP transport activity were blocked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c (PPARc) antagonist. GenX reduced P-gp and BCRP transport activity in human cells. CONCLUSION: In rats, GenX at 0:1-100 nM rapidly (in 1-2 h) inhibited P-gp and BCRP transport activities at the BBB through different mechanisms. PPARc was required for the GenX effects on P-gp but not BCRP transport activity.

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“…Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid and linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid had median serum concentrations that were markedly higher than were those in NHANES participants. The other seven PFASs were found at concentrations similar to or lower than those in NHANES data [30].…”

Section: Studies In North Carolinamentioning

confidence: 48%

“…In a public health epidemiologic surveillance report by Pritchett and colleagues examining the serum and urine specimens from a convenience sample of residents near a chemical manufacturing facility that dumped PFASs into the Cape Fear River, nine PFASs were identified in serum [30]. Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid and linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid had median serum concentrations that were markedly higher than were those in NHANES participants.…”

Section: Studies In North Carolinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Toxic Chemicals of Concern in North Carolina

Obeng-Gyasi

2022

North Carolina Medical Journal

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Notes from the Field: Targeted Biomonitoring for GenX and Other Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Following Detection of Drinking Water Contamination — North Carolina, 2018

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina

Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina

Effect of GenX on P-Glycoprotein, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, and Multidrug Resistance–Associated Protein 2 at the Blood–Brain Barrier

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Toxic Chemicals of Concern in North Carolina

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