<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Environmental Investigation of a Multistate Salmonellosis Outbreak Linked to Live Backyard Poultry from a Mail-Order Hatchery — Michigan, 2018

Hardy, Margaret H.; Robertson, Scott; Sidge, Jennifer L.; Signs, Kimberly; Stobierski, Mary Grace; Jones, Kelly; Soehnlen, Marty; Stefanovsky, Lisa; Hambley, Adeline; Brandenburg, Joshua; Martin, Haley; Lauer, Ana C.; Koski, Lia; Stevenson, Lauren; Pabilonia, Kristy L.; Nichols, Megin; Basler, Colin; Ribot, Efrain M.; Hise, Kelley

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm675152a5

Cited by 5 publications

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“…38 In addition, as backyard flock ownership has grown, so too have zoonotic disease outbreaks affecting backyard poultry owners. 20 Increasing numbers of veterinarians are seeking information about poultry medicine and providing individual bird and flock health care in suburban and urban flock environments. Additional resources for veterinarians detailing common diseases of backyard flock populations are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of mortality in backyard poultry in eight states in the United States

et al. 2019

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A comprehensive understanding of common diseases of backyard poultry flocks is important to providing poultry health information to flock owners, veterinarians, and animal health officials. We collected autopsy reports over a 3-y period (2015-2017) from diagnostic laboratories in 8 states in the United States; 2,509 reports were collected, involving autopsies of 2,687 birds. The primary cause of mortality was categorized as infectious, noninfectious, neoplasia or lymphoproliferative disease, or undetermined. Neoplasia or lymphoproliferative disease was the most common primary diagnosis and involved 42% of the total birds autopsied; 63% of these cases were diagnosed as Marek's disease or leukosis/sarcoma. Bacterial, parasitic, and viral organisms were commonly detected, involving 42%, 28%, and 7% of the birds autopsied, respectively, with 2 or more organisms detected in 69% of birds. Our findings demonstrate the importance of educating flock owners about disease prevention and biosecurity practices. The detection of zoonotic bacteria including paratyphoid salmonellae, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium avium, and the detection of lead and other heavy metals, indicate public health risks to flock owners and consumers of backyard flock egg and meat products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of mortality in backyard poultry in eight states in the United States

et al. 2019

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“…Environmental sampling for Salmonella was conducted at Hatchery A by state and local health departments and CDC staff on June 19, 2018 (Hardy et al, 2019). All environmental sampling was done on a single day and was conducted in a manner which represented movement of eggs and chicks through the hatchery during production.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onsite investigation at a mail-order hatchery following a multistate Salmonella illness outbreak linked to live poultry—United States, 2018

et al. 2019

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), health departments, and other state and federal partners have linked contact with live poultry to 70 human Salmonella outbreaks in the United States from 2000 to 2017, which resulted in a total of 4,794 illnesses, 894 hospitalizations, and 7 deaths. During human salmonellosis outbreaks environmental sampling is rarely conducted as part of the outbreak investigation. CDC was contacted by state health officials on June 12, 2018, to provide support during an investigation of risk factors for Salmonella infections linked to live poultry originating at a mail-order hatchery. From January 1, 2018, to June 15, 2018, 13 human Salmonella infections in multiple states were attributed to exposure to live poultry from a single hatchery. Two serotypes of Salmonella were associated with these infections, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Litchfield. Molecular subtyping of the S. Enteritidis clinical isolates revealed they were closely related genetically (within 0 to 9 alleles) by core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) to isolates obtained from environmental samples taken from hatchery shipping containers received at retail outlets. Environmental sampling and onsite investigation of practices was conducted at the mail-order hatchery during an investigation on June 19, 2018. A total of 45 environmental samples were collected, and 4 (9%) grew Salmonella. A chick box liner from a box in the pre-shipping area yielded an isolate closely related to the S. Enteritidis outbreak strain (within 1 to 9 alleles by cgMLST). The onsite investigation revealed lapses in biosecurity, sanitation, quality assurance, and education of consumers. Review of Salmonella serotype testing performed by the hatchery revealed that the number of samples and type of samples collected monthly varied. Also, S. Enteritidis was identified at the hatchery every year since testing began in 2016. Recommendations to the hatchery for biosecurity, testing, and sanitation measures were made to help reduce burden of Salmonella in the hatchery and breeding flocks, thereby reducing the occurrence of human illness.

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“…Bird health and intestinal issues, such as exposure to parasites, present challenges due to the diverse sources for potential exposure including not only feed, water, and litter, but free-range bird consumption of snails, earthworms or various insects (Wuthijaree et al, 2019 ). Likewise, food safety is also a potentially critical issue as evidenced with the recent series of salmonellosis cases associated with backyard flocks (Behravesh et al, 2014 ; Hardy et al, 2019 ). As with exposure to multiple sources of parasites, free-range birds would likely encounter a wide range of vectors for foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella (Park et al, 2008 , 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal microbiomes of broilers and layer hens in alternative production systems

Ricke

Rothrock

2020

Poultry Science

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Alternative poultry production systems consisting of free-range or pasture flock raised poultry continues to increase in popularity. Based on the perceived benefits of poultry products generated from these alternative poultry production systems, they have commercial appeal to consumers. Several factors impact the health and well being of birds raised and maintained in these types of production systems. Exposure to foodborne pathogens and potential for colonization in the gastrointestinal tract has to be considered with these types of production systems. The gastrointestinal tract microbial composition and function of birds grown and maintained in alternative poultry operations may differ depending on diets, breed, and age of bird. Dietary variety and foraging behavior are potential influential factors on bird nutrition. The gastrointestinal tract microbiomes of birds raised under alternative poultry production systems are now being characterized with next-generation sequencing to identify individual microbial members and assess the impact of different factors on the diversity of microbial populations. In this review, the gastrointestinal tract microbiota contributions to free-range or pasture-raised broiler and egg layer production systems, subsequent applications, and potential future directions will be discussed.

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Notes from the Field: Environmental Investigation of a Multistate Salmonellosis Outbreak Linked to Live Backyard Poultry from a Mail-Order Hatchery — Michigan, 2018

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Causes of mortality in backyard poultry in eight states in the United States

Causes of mortality in backyard poultry in eight states in the United States

Onsite investigation at a mail-order hatchery following a multistate Salmonella illness outbreak linked to live poultry—United States, 2018

Gastrointestinal microbiomes of broilers and layer hens in alternative production systems

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