<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks — Five Countries, 2014–2015

Morales, Michelle; Nnadi, Chimeremma; Tangermann, Rudolf H.; Wassilak, Steven G.F.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6505a5

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…However, OPV strains are genetically unstable, and their circulation in poorly immunized populations can lead to genetic drift and the emergence of pathogenic circulating Sabin vaccine-derived PV (cVDPVs)89. More than 20 outbreaks of disease due to cVDPVs have been reported101112. Most of the cVDPVs studied to date have recombinant genomes composed of mutated sequences from Sabin strains and sequences from non-polio EVs; with the non-polio EV sequences located within the regions P2, P3 or 3′UTR of the genome813141516, and in many cases within the 5′UTR1718192021.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exchanges of genomic domains between poliovirus and other cocirculating species C enteroviruses reveal a high degree of plasticity

Bessaud

Joffret

Blondel

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The attenuated Sabin strains contained in the oral poliomyelitis vaccine are genetically unstable, and their circulation in poorly immunized populations can lead to the emergence of pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs). The recombinant nature of most cVDPV genomes and the preferential presence of genomic sequences from certain cocirculating non-polio enteroviruses of species C (EV-Cs) raise questions about the permissiveness of genetic exchanges between EV-Cs and the phenotypic impact of such exchanges. We investigated whether functional constraints limited genetic exchanges between Sabin strains and other EV-Cs. We bypassed the natural recombination events by constructing 29 genomes containing a Sabin 2 capsid-encoding sequence and other sequences from Sabin 2 or from non-polio EV-Cs. Most genomes were functional. All recombinant viruses replicated similarly in vitro, but recombination modulated plaque size and temperature sensitivity. All viruses with a 5′UTR from Sabin 2 were attenuated in mice, whereas almost all viruses with a non-polio 5′UTR caused disease. These data highlight the striking conservation of functional compatibility between different genetic domains of cocirculating EV-Cs. This aspect is only one of the requirements for the generation of recombinant cVDPVs in natural conditions, but it may facilitate the generation of viable intertypic recombinants with diverse phenotypic features, including pathogenicity.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchanges of genomic domains between poliovirus and other cocirculating species C enteroviruses reveal a high degree of plasticity

Bessaud

Joffret

Blondel

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Studies with a rigorous study design must be conducted to assess interventions to successfully implement vaccination programs for migrant populations [125,126]. In conflict zones and complex humanitarian emergency settings, the implementation of mass immunization campaigns has resulted in controlling the outbreaks of wild polio virus and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus infections, suggesting that innovative approaches to vaccinate children on the move are needed [127,128]. Cost-effective interventions to address health care disparities and provide high-quality primary and secondary health care for large numbers of recently arrived migrants remains a major priority for many high-income countries [10,11,28,[129][130][131][132].…”

Section: Knowledge Gaps Research Agenda and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children on the Move

Oberg¹

2020

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Section: Knowledge Gaps Research Agenda and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Diseases among Refugee Children

Shetty

2019

Children

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In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in refugee and asylum-seeking adults, adolescents and children to high-income countries. Infectious diseases remain the most frequently identified medical diagnosis among U.S.-bound refugee children. Medical screening and immunization are key strategies to reduce the risk of infectious diseases in refugee, internationally adopted, and immigrant children. Notable infectious diseases affecting refugee and other newly arriving migrants include latent or active tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV), hepatitis B, hepatitis C, vaccine-preventable diseases, malaria, and other parasitic infections. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Pediatrics have published guidelines for health assessment of newly arriving immigrant, refugee, and internationally adopted children. Although, data on the health risks and needs of refugee exists in some high-income countries, there is an urgent need to develop robust evidence-informed guidance on screening for infectious diseases and vaccination strategies on a broader scale to inform national policies. Innovative approaches to reach migrant communities in the host nations, address health and other complex barriers to improve access to high-quality integrated health services, and strong advocacy to mobilize resources to improve health, safety, and wellbeing for refugee children and their families are urgent priorities.

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Notes from the Field: Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Outbreaks — Five Countries, 2014–2015

Cited by 22 publications

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Exchanges of genomic domains between poliovirus and other cocirculating species C enteroviruses reveal a high degree of plasticity

Exchanges of genomic domains between poliovirus and other cocirculating species C enteroviruses reveal a high degree of plasticity

Children on the Move

Infectious Diseases among Refugee Children

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