<i>NO PRIMEXINE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE UNDULATION</i> Is Essential for Primexine Deposition and Plasma Membrane Undulation during Microsporogenesis in Arabidopsis

Chang, Huoy-Rou; Zhang, Cheng; Chang, Yuhua; Zhu, Jun; Xu, Xiaofeng; Shi, Zhi‐Hao; Zhang, Xiaolei; Xu, Ling; Huang, Hai; Zhang, Sen; Yang, Zhong‐Nan

doi:10.1104/pp.111.184853

Cited by 61 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…However, only a defect in male reproduction was observed in cdkg1. This is similar to some other genes with extensive expression patterns that are involved in microsporogenesis, such as CDKA (Iwakawa et al, 2006) and NPU (Chang et al, 2012). It is probable that a lack of gene redundancy in anthers allows observation of the cdkg1 phenotype during anther For an intron with the GT 59 SS, such as intron 5 of CalS5, U1 snRNP can recognize the splice site and initiate the removal of this intron efficiently without the help of CDKG1.…”

Section: Cdkg1 Affects Pollen Wall Formation During Microsporogenesismentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This suggests that CDKG1 may regulate some other genes important for primexine development beyond CalS5. In Arabidopsis, DEX1, NEF1, RPG1, and NPU are involved in primexine formation (Paxson-Sowders et al, 2001;Ariizumi et al, 2004;Guan et al, 2008;Chang et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2013), but the splicing patterns of these genes were not altered in cdkg1, and their transcription levels were similar to those in the wild type (see Supplemental Figure 5 online). CDKG1 may therefore regulate some novel gene(s) important for pollen wall formation and plant fertility.…”

Section: Cdkg1 Affects Pollen Wall Formation During Microsporogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After callose degradation, primexine develops into exine to form the pollen wall. Defects in callose synthesis affect primexine development, leading to aberrant exine pattern formation and male sterility (Dong et al, 2005;Nishikawa et al, 2005;Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011;Chang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G1 Is Associated with the Spliceosome to RegulateCALLOSE SYNTHASE5Splicing and Pollen Wall Formation inArabidopsis

et al. 2013

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Arabidopsis thaliana CYCLIN-DEPEDENT KINASE G1 (CDKG1) belongs to the family of cyclin-dependent protein kinases that were originally characterized as cell cycle regulators in eukaryotes. Here, we report that CDKG1 regulates pre-mRNA splicing of CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CalS5) and, therefore, pollen wall formation. The knockout mutant cdkg1 exhibits reduced male fertility with impaired callose synthesis and abnormal pollen wall formation. The sixth intron in CalS5 pre-mRNA, a rare type of intron with a GC 59 splice site, is abnormally spliced in cdkg1. RNA immunoprecipitation analysis suggests that CDKG1 is associated with this intron. CDKG1 contains N-terminal Ser/Arg (RS) motifs and interacts with splicing factor Arginine/SerineRich Zinc Knuckle-Containing Protein33 (RSZ33) through its RS region to regulate proper splicing. CDKG1 and RS-containing Zinc Finger Protein22 (SRZ22), a splicing factor interacting with RSZ33 and U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) component U1-70k, colocalize in nuclear speckles and reside in the same complex. We propose that CDKG1 is recruited to U1 snRNP through RSZ33 to facilitate the splicing of the sixth intron of CalS5.

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Section: Cdkg1 Affects Pollen Wall Formation During Microsporogenesismentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Cdkg1 Affects Pollen Wall Formation During Microsporogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G1 Is Associated with the Spliceosome to RegulateCALLOSE SYNTHASE5Splicing and Pollen Wall Formation inArabidopsis

et al. 2013

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“…Mutations in CALLOSE SYNTHASE5 (CALS5)/GLUCAN SYNTHASE LIKE2 (GSL2) cause a severe defect in exine development despite normal deposition of primexine (Dong et al, 2005;Nishikawa et al, 2005). Furthermore, RUPTURED POLLEN GRAIN1 (RPG1), NO PRIMEXINE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE UNDULATION (NPU), and EXINE FORMATION DEFECT (EFD) are required for CALS5/GSL2 expression, primexine deposition, and plasma membrane undulation (Guan et al, 2008;Chang et al, 2012;Sun et al, 2013;Hu et al, 2014). Mutations in these genes almost completely abolish the structure of exine and often affect the viability of pollen grains.…”

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confidence: 99%

KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development

et al. 2016

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Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific b-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess b-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis.Pollen, the male gametophyte of all seed plants, is crucial for reproductive success. Due to the harsh environmental conditions that pollen must survive in, it has developed an elaborate and specialized cell wall. However, despite its importance our knowledge of the fine structure and assembly of the pollen grain wall is poorly understood (Newbigin et al., 2009;Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011;Quilichini et al., 2015;Shi et al., 2015). Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) provides an ideal genetic and cell biological model to dissect the assembly of the components of the pollen grain wall. Arabidopsis pollen grains have a typical surface structure that consists of an inner intine layer, which is usually made up of cellulose and pectin, and the outer exine, which is largely composed of sporopollenin (Li et al., 1995). The exine is further subdivided into inner nexine and outer sexine. The sexine has a three-dimensional (3D) structure composed of many columns called baculae and a roof called tectum. These two structures give the Arabidopsis pollen surface a reticulate appearance with a uniform mesh size. The nexine is composed of outer nexine I (foot layer), which contains sporopollenin, and inner nexine II (endexine; Ariizumi and Toriyama, 2011;Jiang et al., 2013). A recent study suggests that arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are key constituents of nexine with express...

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“…The differentiation of the innermost tapetal cell layer is crucial for pollen formation (Kelliher and Walbot, 2012;Fu et al, 2014;Zhang and Yang, 2014). After the formation of tapetal cells, subsequent tapetal cell and callose degradation, as well as primexine formation, are vital for pollen development (Ma, 2005;Li et al, 2006;Wu and Cheun, 2000;Paxson-Sowders et al, 2001;Ariizumi et al, 2004;Li et al, 2011a;Chang et al, 2012;Ji et al, 2013;Niu et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Rice Ca²⁺ Binding Protein Is Required for Tapetum Function and Pollen Formation

Meng

Liang

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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NO PRIMEXINE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE UNDULATION Is Essential for Primexine Deposition and Plasma Membrane Undulation during Microsporogenesis in Arabidopsis

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G1 Is Associated with the Spliceosome to RegulateCALLOSE SYNTHASE5Splicing and Pollen Wall Formation inArabidopsis

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G1 Is Associated with the Spliceosome to RegulateCALLOSE SYNTHASE5Splicing and Pollen Wall Formation inArabidopsis

KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development

A Rice Ca²⁺ Binding Protein Is Required for Tapetum Function and Pollen Formation

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NO PRIMEXINE AND PLASMA MEMBRANE UNDULATION Is Essential for Primexine Deposition and Plasma Membrane Undulation during Microsporogenesis in Arabidopsis

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G1 Is Associated with the Spliceosome to RegulateCALLOSE SYNTHASE5Splicing and Pollen Wall Formation inArabidopsis

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G1 Is Associated with the Spliceosome to RegulateCALLOSE SYNTHASE5Splicing and Pollen Wall Formation inArabidopsis

KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development

A Rice Ca2+ Binding Protein Is Required for Tapetum Function and Pollen Formation

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A Rice Ca²⁺ Binding Protein Is Required for Tapetum Function and Pollen Formation