<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>Serogroup X ST-5799 (ST-22 complex) in Turkey: A unique pediatric case

Tanır, Gönül; Özsürekçi, Yasemin; Lucidarme, Jay; Durmuş, Sevgi Yaşar; Lekshmi, Aiswarya; Akısoglu, Özlem Altay; Aycan, Ahmet Emre; Borrow, Raymond; Ceyhan, Mehmet

doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1377380

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…In 2010, a soldier diagnosed with meningococcal meningitis was the first known MenX case in Turkey [26]. In 2017, the first pediatric case of Serogroup X was discovered in Ankara as part of a meningococcal surveillance study [27]. Worldwide, sporadic cases of IMD caused by MenX have been identified; according to PubMLST databases, 636 MenX isolates were reported between 1961 and 2019 [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Meningococcal Carriage among Children and Adolescents in Turkey in 2018: An Unexpected High Serogroup X Carriage

et al. 2021

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Meningococcal carriage studies and transmission modeling can predict IMD epidemiology and used to define invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) control strategies. In this multicenter study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) carriage, serogroup distribution, and related risk factors in Turkey. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from a total of 1267 children and adolescents and were tested with rt-PCR. Nm carriage was detected in 96 participants (7.5%, 95% CI 6.1–9.0), with the peak age at 13 years (12.5%). Regarding age groups, Nm carriage rate was 7% in the 0–5 age group, was 6.9%in the 6–10 age group, was 7.9% in the 11–14 age group, and was 9.3% in the 15–18 age group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The serogroup distribution was as follows: 25% MenX, 9.4% MenA, 9.4% MenB, 2.1% MenC, 3.1% MenW, 2.1% for MenY, and 48.9% for non-groupable. The Nm carriage rate was higher in children with previous upper respiratory tract infections and with a high number of household members, whereas it was lower in children with antibiotic use in the last month (p < 0.05 for all). In this study, MenX is the predominant carriage strain. The geographical distribution of Nm strains varies, but serogroup distribution in the same country might change in a matter of years. Adequate surveillance and/or a proper carriage study is paramount for accurate/dynamic serogroup distribution and the impact of the proposed vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal Meningococcal Carriage among Children and Adolescents in Turkey in 2018: An Unexpected High Serogroup X Carriage

et al. 2021

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“…MenX strains were first described in 1966 by Boris et al ( Garrido et al, 2012 ; Tanir et al, 2018 ), yet until recently, their association with invasive disease was not on pair with the other disease-causing serogroups ( Ji et al, 2017 ). However, in the past years, several MenX outbreaks have been registered in the meningitis belt ( Muindi et al, 2014 ; Chen et al, 2018 ; Ming et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, after the introduction of MenA mass immunization in Africa, the increasing incidence of MenX infections has been attributed to MenA serogroup displacement ( Morelli et al, 2014 ). Alternatively ( Tanir et al, 2018 ), recent work from Ji et al showed that a MenX strain, isolated from a bacteremia case in China, derived from a MenA strain due to a capsule switching event ( Ji et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Structural and Minimal Protective Epitope of the Serogroup X Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharide

Pietri

Tontini

Brogioni

et al. 2021

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Despite the considerable progress toward the eradication of meningococcal disease with the introduction of glycoconjugate vaccines, previously unremarkable serogroup X has emerged in recent years, recording several outbreaks throughout the African continent. Different serogroup X polysaccharide-based vaccines have been tested in preclinical trials, establishing the principles for further improvement. To elucidate the antigenic determinants of the MenX capsular polysaccharide, we generated a monoclonal antibody, and its bactericidal nature was confirmed using the rabbit serum bactericidal assay. The antibody was tested by the inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance against a set of oligosaccharide fragments of different lengths. The epitope was shown to be contained within five to six α-(1–4) phosphodiester mannosamine repeating units. The molecular interactions between the protective monoclonal antibody and the MenX capsular polysaccharide fragment were further detailed at the atomic level by saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR results were used for validation of the in silico docking analysis between the X-ray crystal structure of the antibody (Fab fragment) and the modeled hexamer oligosaccharide. The antibody recognizes the MenX fragment by binding all six repeating units of the oligosaccharide via hydrogen bonding, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions. In vivo studies demonstrated that conjugates containing five to six repeating units can produce high functional antibody levels. These results provide an insight into the molecular basis of MenX vaccine-induced protection and highlight the requirements for the epitope-based vaccine design.

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Lung abscess due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X—unexpected virulence of a commensal resulting from putative serogroup B capsular switching

Bettencourt

Nunes

Correia

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Neisseria meningitidisSerogroup X ST-5799 (ST-22 complex) in Turkey: A unique pediatric case

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Nasopharyngeal Meningococcal Carriage among Children and Adolescents in Turkey in 2018: An Unexpected High Serogroup X Carriage

Nasopharyngeal Meningococcal Carriage among Children and Adolescents in Turkey in 2018: An Unexpected High Serogroup X Carriage

Elucidating the Structural and Minimal Protective Epitope of the Serogroup X Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharide

Lung abscess due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup X—unexpected virulence of a commensal resulting from putative serogroup B capsular switching

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