I Need to Freeze My Gait

Rizzo, Giovanni; Martino, Davide; Logroscino, Giancarlo

doi:10.1002/mdc3.12188

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Seldom, however, patients with GTS may also exhibit a variably brief, recurrent cessation of motor output. This particular type of behaviors has been labeled “blocking tics,” but besides isolated cases, as the one reported by Rizzo et al . in this issue of the Movement Disorders Clinical Practice , it has not been widely acknowledged in the medical literature.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Blocking Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Ganos

Müller‐Vahl

Bhatia

2015

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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confidence: 95%

Blocking Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Ganos

Müller‐Vahl

Bhatia

2015

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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“…Even though this kind of description corresponds well with clonic tics, which are brief, fast, jerk-like movements [6], there are some tics that do not fulfil the above criteria and therefore should be distinguished. Longer and slower movement is typical for dystonic tics [7], whereas tonic tics are contractions of a muscle group and they are devoid of the movement effect or accompanied by only slight visible motion [8]; finally, blocking tics are a presentation of a rapid cessation of muscle activity and voluntary action, e.g., walking or speech [9][10][11]. According to current definition, tics are repetitive behaviors, not repetitive thoughts; hence, cognitive tic-like phenomena (CTPh), which occur exclusively in the thoughts of the patient, do not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for tics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Tic-Like Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Janik

Dunalska

Szejko

et al. 2021

JCM

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Coprolalia and echophenomena repeated in the patients’ mind (CTPh—cognitive tic-like phenomena) have been rarely recognized as part of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) symptomatology and their assignment to tics, OCD or other psychopathologies has not been settled. The aim of the paper was to assess the incidence and clinical associations of CTPh in GTS, and to establish if CTPh belong to the tic spectrum. We performed a prospective, one-registration study on a cohort of 227 consecutive patients with GTS. CTPh were diagnosed during the interview and defined as brief, sudden, involuntary thoughts that had corresponding complex vocal tics. CTPh occurred at some point in the lives of 34 (15.0%) patients. The median age at onset of CTPh was 14.5 years (IQR: 10.5–17.5). CTPh were found more frequently in adults, with the most frequent onset in adolescence (44.1%). Four mental phenomena resembling tics were recognized: echolalia (n = 17), coprolalia (n = 16), palilalia (n = 13) and repeating of words in the mind (n = 7). The older the age of patients, the more severe tics, and anxiety disorder significantly correlated with CTPh. CTPh may be considered as a part of tic spectrum with a substantial impact of anxiety disorder. CTPh are a late and age-related symptom of GTS.

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“… 3 Even though this description corresponds well with motor clonic tics, there are some tics which do not fulfill the above criteria and therefore should be distinguished. Longer and slower movement is typical for dystonic tics (DTs); 4 blocking tics are a presentation of a rapid cessation of muscle activity and voluntary action, for example, walking or speech; 5 6 cognitive tics are mental acts that have the equivalent among complex vocal tics such as coprolalia, echolalia, or palilalia and are neither visible nor audible; 7 and finally tonic tics (TTs), which manifest themselves as sustained, isometric contraction of a muscle group devoid of the movement effect or accompanied by only slight visible motion. We observed that TTs occur in different parts of the body and are often associated with features characteristic for typical tics such as premonitory urges (PU), which are momentarily alleviated by performance of a tic giving the feeling of relief.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tonic Tics in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Kaczyńska

Janik

2021

Neuropediatrics

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Aim Tonic tics (TTs) are a part of a clinical picture of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and manifest themselves as sustained and isometric contraction of a muscle group devoid of the movement effect or accompanied by only slight visible motion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and phenomenology of TTs, and to assess the clinical associations of TTs with tic severity and comorbidities in patients with GTS. Methods We performed a one-time registration study in a cohort of 241 consecutive outpatients with GTS aged 5 to 50 years (188 males, 153 patients under the age of 18 years). All patients were personally interviewed and examined. Results TTs occurred in 85.2% of adults and 63.9% of children and adolescents. Most frequently reported types of TTs were tensing of the abdomen (58.7%), neck (52.7%), and upper limbs (50.3%). Multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between TTs and the total number of simple tics, total number of complex tics, and age at evaluation. In the group of children and adolescents, an additional significant variable was the duration of GTS. In the group of adults, significant parameters were total number of simple tics, total number of complex tics, peak tic severity ever experienced, premonitory urges, and the presence of dystonic tics. Conclusion TTs belong to the tic spectrum, common and early symptoms of GTS, are associated with overall a greater number of tics which are more severe, and with more comorbidities.

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I Need to Freeze My Gait

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Blocking Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Blocking Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Cognitive Tic-Like Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

Tonic Tics in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

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